CLIVAR Atlantic Implementation Panel

1. CLIVAR Atlantic Implementation Panel Ruth Curry (co-Chair) WHOI, USA Laurent Terray (co-Chair) CERFACS, France Molly Baringer NOAA/AOML, USA Peter Brandt IfM-GEOMAR, Kiel Suzana Camargo LDEO, USA Ping Chang Texas A&M, USA Stuart Cunningham NOCS, UK Yochanan Kushnir LDEO, USA Mauricio Mata FURG Brazil Paulo Nobre CPTEC/INPE, Brazil Svein Oesterhus UBergen, Norway Chris Reason UCapeTown, South Africa Doug Smith Hadley Centre, UK Anne-Marie Treguier IFREMER, France

2. CLIVAR Atlantic Implementation Panel 1. General Circulation ARGO Surface Drifters XBT lines GO-SHIP 2. Tropical Atlantic Observing System PIRATA / TACE / AMMA 3. AMOC monitoring UK-RAPID, EU-THOR, US-AMOC, Boundary Current arrays 4. Extra-tropical South Atlantic studies 30°S boundary current arrays, XBT line 5. Process studies ASOF CLIMODE Ocean-GIS coupling Shelf-Interior DynAMITE 6. Biogeochemical observations GEOTRACES, Tropical SFB 754 , ANIMATE, OOI

3. CLIVAR Atlantic Implementation Panel • Are CLIVAR data policies being followed? • For most part …. Yes. • Works best when formal oversight structure in place • Slips when agreement becomes informal (AMOC system, process studies) • Enhance/develop? • Deep observing system (especially important to AMOC) • Bring Arctic Ocean into CLIVAR (CLIC restricted to cryosphere) • Atlantic Warm Pool program (with ties to VAMOS)

4. 1. General Circulation November 2009 Argo Floats Drifters

5. 1. General Circulation International Global Ocean Carbon & Repeat Hydrography Sections (planned 2010-2013) http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/oceans

6. 1. General Circulation: ships of opportunity • 1. XBT lines • 2. ADCP lines • Oleander (NY – Bermuda) • Norrona (Denmark-Iceland)

7. Data distribution for GC observing system Each program (ARGO, Global Drifters, XBTs, Repeat Sections, Carbon) has well functioning DAC in place Data distribution via web on a timely basis (delayed mode)

8. 2. Tropical Atlantic observing system

9. 2. Components of the TA observing system • Observational network includes: • PIRATA array • TACE observing system • AMMA field campaigns (French EGEE program) • The different field campaigns have helped to address the sparsity of surface and subsurface measurements in the eastern South Atlantic -- gaps still exist (Atlas moorings off W. Africa)

10. 2. Components of the TA observing system •  Strengthen links between physical and biogeochemical observatories • Several biogeochemical studies are carried out during the different TACE/AMMA/PIRATA field campaigns • Biogeochemical sensors (e.g. CO2, O2) now on PIRATA buoys • Other internationally coordinated activities under auspices of CLIVAR and SOLAS/IMBER, e.g. TENATSO time series observatory at Cape Verde

11. Data distribution for TA observing system • Good data portals on TACE, PIRATA, AMMA websites • CTD 1997 – 2009 • ADCP 1997 – 2003 (2004 – 2009 not available) • Buoy data QC’d and distributed by PMEL's TAO Project Office

12. 3. The AMOC observing “system” Cunningham et al., white paper, 2009

13. 3. Components of the AMOC observing system • Existing programs • RAPID/MOCHA (26.5°N) • MOVE (16°N),Line W(39°N), WAVE, DLC (53°N), Cape Farewell, Overflows • New(er) programs • EU THOR (2008 – 2012) • SAMOC • US AMOC

14. Data distribution for AMOC observing system • Availability and method of distribution varies by individual program • RAPID (26.5 N):CTD, hydrography, mooring data through BODC; transport products available on web (RAPID website) • MOVE (16 N) : OceanSITEs • Line W (39 N): CTD, hydrography, LADCP, moored instruments available for download from website / also via OceanSITEs • WAVE : no public data yet (equipment failures) • 53N, Overflows : could not find data online

15. OceanSITES : coordinating a global open ocean network of sustained time series sites.

16. EU-THOR: Observing the North Atlantic THC Overflow Jet in Denmark Strait (red: southward flow) Time series of temperature in the central Labrador Sea shows an overall warming since 1994 Overflow volume transports Denmark Strait, FBC (1995-2009) • Duration 4 years, Dec. 2008 – Nov. 2012 • 20 participating institutions from 9 European countries • 5 Core Themes, ~60 PIs

17. South Atlantic MOC observations Meridional heat transport 32S(Baringer, Speich, Garzoli ) AX18 SAMOC-W SAMOC-E

18. Monitoring Brazil Current variability: MOVAR (Mata, Cirano) Aug mean Feb 4. South Atlantic observations Brazil Current transport above 700 m Caspel and Mata, in prep. Status: ongoing - 16 sections occupied Aug 2004 – Aug 2008

19. UK Brazil Current velocity observations: BRAVO(McDonagh, Cunningham, Bryden, Cipolinni) 4. South Atlantic observations Status: under review Measure the Brazil Current and test the hypothesis that its transport and variability is forced entirely by the wind-driven transport in the South Atlantic

20. 5. Process Studies

21. 5. Process Studies Greenland Shelf – Interior exchanges (Pickart) Greenland Ice Sheet –Ocean Coupling (Straneo) (D.Holland) Gibbs FZ transports (Bower) DynAMITE (Curry & Polzin)

22. 6. Biogeochemistry Initiatives SFB 754: Climate-Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean German initiative including enhanced shipboard observations, mooring arrays, tracer release, … • Duration 12 years, first phase: 2008 – 2011

23. 6. Biogeochemistry Initiatives GEOTRACES Distribution and cycling of trace elements and isotopes A3, A6, A10 are funded

24. Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Free and open data access, Mutidisciplinary sensors, Sustained support. Irminger, PAPA, 55S, and Argentine Basin moored arrays -- with annual cruises for 25 years! US NSF infrastructure program

25. CLIVAR Atlantic Implementation Panel • Are CLIVAR data policies being followed? • For most part …. Yes. • Works best when formal oversight structure in place • Slips when agreement becomes informal (repeat hydrography, process studies) • Enhance/develop? • Deep observing system (especially important to AMOC) • CLIVAR Arctic Ocean (CLIC focus restricted to cryosphere) • Atlantic Warm Pool program (with ties to VAMOS)