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Crop Rotation

7.1: Dawn of the Industrial Age Agricultural Revolution- A period of rapid change in agriculture, usually associated with increases in output. Crop Rotation. Charles Townshend: four-course rotation of crops. This cycle consisted of wheat, turnips, oats or barley, and clover

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Crop Rotation

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  1. 7.1: Dawn of the Industrial AgeAgricultural Revolution- A period of rapid change in agriculture, usually associated with increases in output.

  2. Crop Rotation • Charles Townshend: four-course rotation of crops. • This cycle consisted of wheat, turnips, oats or barley, and clover • This eliminated the 3 crop rotation that left a field fallow

  3. New Farming Machines • Jethro Tull’s seed drill • Joseph Foljambe's Rotherham plough • Andrew Meikle's threshing machine • Cyrus McCormick- reaper

  4. Enclosure Movement • Process of taking over & consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers • Before: Small parcels of land • Why is this ineffective? • What are some benefits?

  5. Enclosure Movement • Parliament passes legislation allowing enclosure • After: Larger, more efficient fields; people forced off land and into cities

  6. Drop in Death Rate • Improved agricultural methods=more food=less famine; improved nutrition • Improved sanitation, hygiene, & medical care= reduction in diseases

  7. Growth in Birth Rate • Agricultural revolution=better nutrition for mothers & babies • Change in marriage age (younger=more child bearing years)

  8. New Inventions • Thomas Newcomen- developed steam engine • James Watt-made steam engine more efficient- becomes primary source of energy for early Industrial Revolution

  9. New Inventions • Abraham Darby- used coal to smelt iron (separate from its ore) • Leads to higher quality iron (improved transportation)

  10. Three Necessities • Labor- less need for farmers; move to cities • Land- Raw Materials (coal, iron) and markets to buy/sell • Capital- money to invest by entrepreneurs

  11. Laissez Faire Economy • Required for capitalism • Allows people to supply for demands, not just create what government wants

  12. Activity • Working with your partner, create a brochure advertising one of the new ideas or inventions that helped to lead to the industrial revolution (use pp. 246-249 to help you). Turn in at the end of class. • Be sure to highlight the invention/innovation’s key components, the inventor, & how it is going to improve life in 18th Century Europe

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