End of the Cold War & Contemporary America - Unit V Lecture Notes and Projects

1. Week 37: May 29-June 1, 2018 End of the Cold War & Contemporary America (Ch. 25-26, 56-60)

2. Why are we here this week? Students will complete Unit V terms assessments in FORMS, then record notes (highlight) during teacher lectures. Students will have in-class work time for Unit V concept project and/or Honors Book Study (shared on Friday).

3. HW: Complete Unit V concept project by Monday, 6/4Honors Book Study project is due Friday, 6/1Unit V exam (or FINAL) is Thursday, June 14th Tuesday, May 29, 2018 Unit V: End of the Cold War & Contemporary America FORMS assessment of homework What are the pros & cons of “THE END?”

4. Did you COMPLETE all 50 terms with 4+ one “notes?” Use BOTH textbooks, www.history.com, documentary videos, class exhibits, and any other reliable source of information to RECORD “5 WORDS” (4 hints, plus ONE*)on ESSENTIALS of Unit V. *Write 4 specific “facts” or related words and ONE KEY PHRASE or SENTENCE summarizing the concept. You will complete TWO FORMS assessments today! Check OUTLOOK email…twice! EVERYONE gets a 2nd chance, if necessary or interested!

5. *Did you write4 specific “facts” or related wordsandONE KEY PHRASE or SENTENCE(below 4 facts) summarizing the concept? 9/11/01 al Qaeda Pentagon & PA ~3,000 killed World Trade Center terror Deadliest terrorist act in world history (19 hijackers, 4 planes) and the most devastating foreign attack on American soil since Pearl Harbor (12/7/41), which led to wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, all of which had an immense IMPACT on our nation’s ideals

7. Unit V “Concept” Project Keep it SIMPLE… 9 Space carefully “filled” with relevant words & images? 10 points • 3 quality (cited) facts x 3 sources = 9 pts + 1 picture = 10 pts 5 points for each answer = 10 points

8. Unit V “Concept” Project

9. collapse modern today’s tomorrow’s

10. What is the historical significance of the end of the Cold War & the start of “Contemporary America?” The “End of the Cold War” represents a very noteworthy closure of a multi-decade ideological warfought between two superpowers (USA & USSR) for much of the 20th century. Since the closing months of World War II up until the final decade of the last century (1945-1991), tensions between the US and its democratic allies of the Western world and the communist Soviets and their comrades in the Eastern hemisphere were brewing. War between the democratic and communist powers did come to a costly and bloody boil at times in places like Korea (1950-1953) and Vietnam (1965-1975), but for the most part the Cold War was more about competing ways of life. The United States was founded on capitalist and democratic principles (1776-1787present), whereas the Soviet Union was based on Marxist-Leninist philosophy (commonly referred to as “communism”). In practice for most of its history, the USSR functioned mainly as a totalitarian dictatorship (1917-1991). One nation was founded upon noble and ancient ideals dating back to Greco-Roman times (equality, rights, liberty, opportunity, and democracy), and the other was predicated on idealistic philosophical and social thoughts that proved to be (historically) impractical or even impossible. The end of the Cold War (1991) was a major ideological victory for the United States of America and the free world. Why should everyone want to know & understand the challenges and opportunities facing Contemporary America today? Social Studies is perhaps one of the most essential disciplines for success in the post-modern world (21st century). A solid understanding of past and present US actions and policies can help Americans better appreciate our present status as a strong, democratic, and prosperous nation. Also, it is critically important that US citizens continue to participate in civic and worldly affairs in ways that will shape and guide our country forward in the increasingly globalized and interconnected world of the 21st century. If we are to continue to be a beacon of hope and freedom for all the world, while overcoming various challenges and threats to our way of life, then we must strive to understand the past and present so that our shared future will include increased opportunities for all mankind to enjoy the blessings of our American ideals (equality, rights, liberty, opportunity, and democracy). Regardless of one’s personal (emerging) political ideology, EVERYONE should pay close attention to the issues, decisions, and democratic options available in our republic. America has always been a complex, somewhat paradoxical nation, but our founding ideals provide perpetual inspiration and motivation for CHANGE. -Be the change you wish to see in the world. (Mahatma Gandhi).

11. 3 quality (cited) facts x 3 sources = 9 pts + 1 picture = 10 pts End of the Cold War & Contemporary America history.com • Reagan challenged the Soviets in a speech at the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin (1987): "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall." The Berlin Wall–”the most visible symbol of the decades-long Cold War”–was finally taken down, beginning on November 9, 1989. • The “reunification of East and West Germany was made official on October 3, 1990,” about a year after the fall of the Berlin Wall. • The 9/11 attacks resulted in “extensive death and destruction,” which led to U.S. efforts to fight terrorism, a hallmark of the presidency of George W. Bush. The Americans • Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-1991) was a “skilled diplomat & political leader” who introduced “glasnost” (openness) & “perestroika” (restructuring) to the USSR. (Ch. 25, p. 849) • Beginning in December of 1991, the Soviet Union was “dissolved after 74 years.” • (Ch. 25, p. 849) • America’s future after the Cold War involved confusion over “US intervention overseas” and the “globalization of the economy.” • (Ch. 26, p. 863) History Alive! • Reagan called the Soviet Union an “evil empire.” (Ch. 57, p. 744) • After the Cold War ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, new freedom emerged, but “many difficult questions about the future” also arose. (Ch. 59, p. 770) • Efforts to build “stable democracies” in the contemporary world (e.g. Iraq, Afghanistan) are difficult. (Ch. 59, p. 783)

12. HW: Complete Unit V concept project by Monday, 6/4Honors Book Study project is due Friday, 6/1Unit V exam (or FINAL) is Thursday, June 14th Wednesday, May 30, 2018 Unit V: End of the Cold War & Contemporary America Teacher-led instruction: Ch. 25-26, 56-60 The Americans “ttt” review History Alive! summary notes

13. Unit V: End of the Cold War & Contemporary America The Americans Ch. 25 & 26 History Alive! Ch. ~54-60 Return your # Americans textbook by Thursday, June 14th (Damaged or lost? $70 replacement cost…BUY USED on-line?

14. 1. What factors led to the rise of conservatism? 2. What policy changes did Reagan make? Americans turned to conservatism because they were unhappy with inflation, high taxes, government regulation, and benefit programs. Some saw a decline in morality. Reagan cut deeply into domestic programs, cut taxes, increased defense spending, appointed conservatives to the Supreme Court, and reduced government regulation.

15. 3. What issues arose during the 1980s? 4. How did foreign changes present new challenges for the United States? During the 1980s, Americans became concerned with AIDS, gay rights, abortion, drug abuse, education, and urban problems. The fall of communism and breakup of the Soviet Union left U.S. foreign policy looking for a new direction.

16. 1. What factors led to the rise of conservatism? Americans turned to conservatism because they were unhappy with inflation, high taxes, government regulation, and benefit programs. Some saw a decline in morality.

21. 2. What policy changes did Reagan make? Reagan cut deeply into domestic programs, cut taxes, increased defense spending, appointed conservatives to the Supreme Court, and reduced government regulation.

23. decreased

24. Chapter 56: A Shift to the Right under ReaganWas the Reagan Revolution good for the nation? In the 1980s, Ronald Reagan’s political skills and conservative support won him two terms in office. During his presidency, the economy revived, but the federal budget deficit soared. Reagan approached serious social problems, such as the HIV/AIDS crisis, rising drug abuse, and illegal immigration, in ways that reflected his conservative ideals. • Reagan Revolution Reagan helped spark a conservative revolution in American politics. He worked to shrink government, promote free enterprise, and reduce social programs. • The New RightReagan’s strongest support came from the New Right, a movement of conservative activists and organizations. This movement included evangelical Christian organizations like the Moral Majority. • Social and Supply-side economics Reagan’s economic plan was based on supply-side economics. He cut taxes to stimulate business activity, arguing that this would boost the economy and produce jobs. Tax cuts andincreased defense spending, however, led to large budget deficits and a huge national debt. • environmental issues Reagan called for reducing regulations on business and the environment. He also cut spending on social services. Critics claimed that pollution and social problems increased as a result. Jesse Jackson formed the National Rainbow Coalition to support equal rights and challenge Reagan’s social policies. • A conservative Court The Supreme Court moved to the right under Reagan. This shift was evident in such cases as New Jersey v. T.L.O., which limited privacy rights for students.

25. 3. What issues arose during the 1980s? During the 1980s, Americans became concerned with AIDS, gay rights, abortion, drug abuse, education, and urban problems.

26. 4. How did foreign changes present new challenges for the United States? The fall of communism and breakup of the Soviet Union left U.S. foreign policy looking for a new direction.

29. Chapter 57: Ending the Cold WarWere the effects of President Reagan’s foreign policy actions mostly positive or mostly negative? Reagan’s foreign policy emphasized anticommunism and support for democracy and freedom. His efforts to undermine Soviet power, along with changes in the Soviet Union itself, helped end the Cold War. Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)Reagan increased military spending to counter the Soviet threat. One program, the Strategic Defense Initiative, was designed to create a “missile shield” to defend the United States from nuclear attack. Reagan Doctrine The president backed anticommunist movements around the world as part of the Reagan Doctrine. He gave aid to rebels like the Contras, who were fighting to overthrow the Sandinista government of Nicaragua. Middle Eastern policy Reagan sent U.S. peacekeeping forces to Lebanon. These troops helped secure the withdrawal of the Palestine Liberation Organization. But terrorist attacks later forced Reagan to pull the soldiers out. Iran-Contra Affair The Reagan administration faced a scandal over arms sales to Iran and the diversion of funds to the Contras. Several top officials were convicted of illegal actions in the Iran-Contra Affair. Nuclear freeze movement Rising tensions with the Soviet Union increased fears of nuclear war. The nuclear freeze movement called for an end to the spread of nuclear weapons. Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces TreatyReagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, reducing nuclear missiles in Europe. U.S. pressure, along with economic and political problems at home, eventually caused the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.

30. The 1990s and the New Millennium MAIN IDEA The Democrats gained control of the White House by moving their party's platform toward the political center. 1. How would you characterize relations between President Clinton and Congress? 2. What trends shaped the new U.S. economy? The new U.S. economy was characterized by increasing numbers of workers in service industries and fewer manufacturing jobs. More families included two wage earners, and many workers could find only temporary work. Many corporations cut their work forces in a move called downsizing. High-tech industries took off. The economy was more closely linked to economies around the world than every before. Relations between Clinton and Congress had been rocky. They clashed over health-care reform and budget cuts although they did cooperate on NAFTA, welfare reform, and a modest health-insurance reform. However, scandal involving a White House intern resulted in Clinton’s impeachment.

31. The Changing Face of America MAIN IDEA At the end of the 20th century, the U.S. population grew more diverse both in ethnic background and in age. 3. How have recent technological advances changed modern life? 4. What population changes raised issues for Americans as they entered the 21st century? New medical technologies made information easier to obtain and provided new treatments and new diagnostic tools. Genetic engineering brought about improved products or eliminated disease. New technologies created new entertainment media and, with computers, enhanced education. Air bags made autos safer. The growth of suburbs, the aging of the large number of baby boomers, and the growing number of immigrants were all issues that Americans had to address.

32. The 1990s and the New Millennium MAIN IDEA The Democrats gained control of the White House by moving their party's platform toward the political center. 1. How would you characterize relations between President Clinton and Congress? Relations between Clinton and Congress had been rocky. They clashed over health-care reform and budget cuts although they did cooperate on NAFTA, welfare reform, and a modest health-insurance reform. However, scandal involving a White House intern resulted in Clinton’s impeachment.

34. 2. What trends shaped the new U.S. economy? The new U.S. economy was characterized by increasing numbers of workers in service industries and fewer manufacturing jobs. More families included two wage earners, and many workers could find only temporary work. Many corporations cut their work forces in a move called downsizing. High-tech industries took off. The economy was more closely linked to economies around the world than every before.

36. 3. How have recent technological advances changed modern life? New medical technologies made information easier to obtain and provided new treatments and new diagnostic tools. Genetic engineering brought about improved products or eliminated disease. New technologies created new entertainment media and, with computers, enhanced education. Air bags made autos safer.

37. The Changing Face of America MAIN IDEA At the end of the 20th century, the U.S. population grew more diverse both in ethnic background and in age. 4. What population changes raised issues for Americans as they entered the 21st century? The growth of suburbs, the aging of the large number of baby boomers, and the growing number of immigrants were all issues that Americans had to address.

38. Chapter 58: U.S. Domestic Politics at the Turn of the 21st CenturyTo what extent did George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush fulfill their domestic policy goals? Democratic president Bill Clinton and Republican Presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush struggled to meet their domestic policy goals. George H. W. Bush In 1988, Bush appealed to Reagan Republicans with his campaign pledges to expand the economy, not raise taxes, and create a “kinder, gentler” America. After a costly bailout of the savings and loans crisis, he broke the no-taxes pledge in an effort to balance the federal budget. Bill Clinton As a moderate New Democrat, Clinton breathed new life into the Democratic coalition. One of his main legacies is welfare reform. Clinton failed to enact universal health care, however. In his second term, Clinton was impeached but not removed from office. Contract with America In the 1994 midterm elections, Republicans won control of Congress with their 10-point Contract with America. Bush v. Gore In the 2000 election, Al Gore led George W. Bush in the popular vote by a very thin margin. The Supreme Court decided the outcome, denying Gore’s demand for a recount in Florida. George W. Bush As a candidate, Bush reached out to moderates with his compassionate conservatism. One of his main legacies is education reform. However, Bush failed to reform the Social Security system.

40. Chapter 59: U.S. Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War EraHow well did the U.S. foreign policy decisions meet the challenges of the post-Cold War era? The end of the Cold War brought hopes for a new era of peace and cooperation in the world. Nevertheless, the United States faced many challenges in the post–Cold War era. New relations and alliances The collapse of the Soviet Union led the United States to build new relations with Russia and the other former Soviet republics. Several of the republics joined NATO and the newly formed European Union. Confronting dictators The United States worked to oust an aggressive dictator in Panama. In the Persian Gulf War, it fought alongside other nations to force Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein out of Kuwait. Ethnic cleansing and genocide Ethnic conflicts in various countries prompted mixed responses from the United States. In the former Yugoslavia, the United States backed NATO military actions against ethnic cleansing. However, it failed to stop genocide in Rwanda. Humanitarian aid The United States offered humanitarian aid to ease suffering in Somalia and North Korea, but with mixed results. The HIV/AIDS crisis in Africa prompted concern but little action. NAFTA and the WTOU.S. presidents promoted free trade as part of a growing trend toward globalization. The North American Free Trade Agreement linked Mexico, Canada, and the United States. The World Trade Organization represented a more global effort. Fighting a war on terrorism The al Qaeda terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, prompted the United States to declare a war on terrorism. It invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime. Then it moved to Iraq to topple Saddam Hussein. However, efforts to build stable democracies in these countries proved difficult.

43. Chapter 60: 9/11 and Its Aftermath: Debating America’s Founding IdealsWhat debates have arisen since 9/11 about how to balance security while preserving American ideals? The attacks of 9/11 left Americans with a new sense of vulnerability. President Bush declared war on terrorism—at home and abroad. The conduct of that war once again raised the challenge of balancing our founding ideals with our desire for security. Equality After 9/11, Americans debated these questions: Should all airline passengers be treated equally? Or should those fitting the profile of the 9/11 terrorists face special scrutiny? The nation chose equality over racial profiling, but racial profiling persists. Opportunity In an effort to secure the nation’s borders, Congress struggled to preserve the United States as a land of opportunity while tightening visa requirements and border control to keep terrorists out. Liberty Congress created the Department of Homeland Security to defend the country and protect our free way of life by better coordinating various government security agencies. Critics worried that the DHS was not as effective as it should be. They raised questions about what factors influence decision making within the department. Rights Congress enacted the Patriot Act after 9/11 to help government agencies track down terrorists. The act sparked a long debate over what some saw as assaults on privacy rights. Democracy Bush’s policies toward unlawful enemy combatants raised questions about presidential power in a democracy. In Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, the Supreme Court ruled that the president had overstepped his powers in creating military commissions without consulting Congress.

45. HW: Complete Unit V concept project by Monday, 6/4Honors Book Study due tomorrowUnit V (or Final) exam is Thursday, June 14th Thursday, May 31, 2018 Unit V: End of the Cold War & Contemporary America Student WORK time Laptops & textbooks 3-slide PPT project Honors Book Study due tomorrow!

46. Space carefully “filled” with relevant words & images? collapse modern today’s tomorrow’s 6…7 or 8…9 or 10 points?

47. 3 quality (cited) facts x 3 sources = 9 pts + 1 picture = 10 pts End of the Cold War & Contemporary America history.com • Reagan challenged the Soviets in a speech at the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin (1987): "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall." The Berlin Wall–”the most visible symbol of the decades-long Cold War”–was finally taken down, beginning on November 9, 1989. • The “reunification of East and West Germany was made official on October 3, 1990,” about a year after the fall of the Berlin Wall. • The 9/11 attacks resulted in “extensive death and destruction,” which led to U.S. efforts to fight terrorism, a hallmark of the presidency of George W. Bush. The Americans • Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-1991) was a “skilled diplomat & political leader” who introduced “glasnost” (openness) & “perestroika” (restructuring) to the USSR. (Ch. 25, p. 849) • Beginning in December of 1991, the Soviet Union was “dissolved after 74 years.” • (Ch. 25, p. 849) • America’s future after the Cold War involved confusion over “US intervention overseas” and the “globalization of the economy.” • (Ch. 26, p. 863) History Alive! • Reagan called the Soviet Union an “evil empire.” (Ch. 57, p. 744) • After the Cold War ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, new freedom emerged, but “many difficult questions about the future” also arose. (Ch. 59, p. 770) • Efforts to build “stable democracies” in the contemporary world (e.g. Iraq, Afghanistan) are difficult. (Ch. 59, p. 783) DEDUCTIONS -1 point if no “title” or concept listed -1 or 2 pts for lack of details or historical inaccuracies -1 or 2 pts if website, chapters, and/or pages are MISSING -1 point for spelling/grammatical errors, layout problems

48. 3, 4, or 5 points for each answer = 10 points What is the historical significance of the end of the Cold War & the start of “Contemporary America?” The “End of the Cold War” represents a very noteworthy closure of a multi-decade ideological warfought between two superpowers (USA & USSR) for much of the 20th century. Since the closing months of World War II up until the final decade of the last century (1945-1991), tensions between the US and its democratic allies of the Western world and the communist Soviets and their comrades in the Eastern hemisphere were brewing. War between the democratic and communist powers did come to a costly and bloody boil at times in places like Korea (1950-1953) and Vietnam (1965-1975), but for the most part the Cold War was more about competing ways of life. The United States was founded on capitalist and democratic principles (1776-1787present), whereas the Soviet Union was based on Marxist-Leninist philosophy (commonly referred to as “communism”). In practice for most of its history, the USSR functioned mainly as a totalitarian dictatorship (1917-1991). One nation was founded upon noble and ancient ideals dating back to Greco-Roman times (equality, rights, liberty, opportunity, and democracy), and the other was predicated on idealistic philosophical and social thoughts that proved to be (historically) impractical or even impossible. The end of the Cold War (1991) was a major ideological victory for the United States of America and the free world. Why should everyone want to know & understand the challenges and opportunities facing Contemporary America today? Social Studies is perhaps one of the most essential disciplines for success in the post-modern world (21st century). A solid understanding of past and present US actions and policies can help Americans better appreciate our present status as a strong, democratic, and prosperous nation. Also, it is critically important that US citizens continue to participate in civic and worldly affairs in ways that will shape and guide our country forward in the increasingly globalized and interconnected world of the 21st century. If we are to continue to be a beacon of hope and freedom for all the world, while overcoming various challenges and threats to our way of life, then we must strive to understand the past and present so that our shared future will include increased opportunities for all mankind to enjoy the blessings of our American ideals (equality, rights, liberty, opportunity, and democracy). Regardless of one’s personal (emerging) political ideology, EVERYONE should pay close attention to the issues, decisions, and democratic options available in our republic. America has always been a complex, somewhat paradoxical nation, but our founding ideals provide perpetual inspiration and motivation for CHANGE. -Be the change you wish to see in the world. (Mahatma Gandhi). DEDUCTIONS -1 point if questions are missing or poorly written -1 or 2 pts for inadequate EXPLANATION of details -1 point for spelling or grammatical errors, layout problems NAME? INSIDE….??/30 poss. pts)

49. HW: Complete Unit V concept project by Monday, 6/4Unit V (or Final) exam is Thursday, June 14th Friday, June 1, 2018 Unit V: End of the Cold War & Contemporary America Student WORK time Laptops & textbooks 3-slide PPT project Safari Montage Video: end of the Cold War? U.S. Politics 1980-2000s?

50. Peer Review of Unit V Concept Project Slide 1: Is the FRONT informative & creatively arranged? NO-------SOMEWHAT-------YES 6 7 8 9 10 (circle ONE) Slide 2: Were the “facts,” descriptions, image(s) clear/informative? NO-------SOMEWHAT-------YES 6 7 8 9 10 (circle ONE) Slide 3: Do the EXPLANATIONS of the concept’s relevance help you understand its role in HISTORY & TODAY? NO-------SOMEWHAT-------YES 6 7 8 9 10 (circle ONE) Does product show good effort & care? Few, if any, errors? YES SOMEWHAT/minor errors NO/many errors What is this product MISSING? nothing missing part(s). After seeing several examples, this product is… one of the BETTER ones AVERAGE/OK BELOW average +constructive criticism- ? best part(s):