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ELECTRONS IN ATOMS

ELECTRONS IN ATOMS. Address of electrons in atoms. ELECTRONS IN ORBIT ABOUT THE NUCLEUS. Where 90% of the e - density is found for the 1s orbital. e - density (1s orbital) falls off rapidly as distance from nucleus increases. ELECTRON DENSITY OF 1s ORBITAL. Schr ödinger Wave Equation.

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ELECTRONS IN ATOMS

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  1. ELECTRONS IN ATOMS

  2. Address of electrons in atoms

  3. ELECTRONS IN ORBIT ABOUT THE NUCLEUS

  4. Where 90% of the e- density is found for the 1s orbital e- density (1s orbital) falls off rapidly as distance from nucleus increases ELECTRON DENSITY OF 1s ORBITAL

  5. Schrödinger Wave Equation  = fn(n, l, ml, ms) ______________________________ l for a given value of n, l= 0, 1, 2, 3, … n-1 l = 0 s orbital l = 1 p orbital l = 2 d orbital l = 3 f orbital n = 1, l = 0 n = 2, l = 0 or 1 n = 3, l = 0, 1, or 2 Shape of the “volume” of space that the e- occupies

  6. l = 0 (s orbitals) l = 1 (p orbitals)

  7. l = 2 (d orbitals)

  8. ml = -1 ml = 0 ml = 1 ml = -2 ml = -1 ml = 0 ml = 1 ml = 2

  9. ( ) En = -RH 1 n2 n=1 n=2 n=3 Energy of orbitals in a single electron atom Energy depends only on principal quantum number n

  10. n=1 l = 0 n=2 l = 0 n=2 l = 1 n=3 l = 0 n=3 l = 1 n=3 l = 2 Energy of orbitals in a many-electron atom Energy depends on n and l

  11. Fill lowest energy orbitals first (Aufbau principle) He 2 electrons He 1s2

  12. Fill lowest energy orbitals first (Aufbau principle) Li 3 electrons Li 1s22s1

  13. Fill lowest energy orbitals first (Aufbau principle) Be 4 electrons Be 1s22s2

  14. Fill lowest energy orbitals first (Aufbau principle) B 5 electrons B 1s22s22p1

  15. Fill lowest energy orbitals first (Aufbau principle) ? C 6 electrons C 1s22s22p2

  16. Hund’s rule: The most stable arrangement of electrons in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins. C 6 electrons C 1s22s22p2

  17. Hund’s rule: The most stable arrangement of electrons in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins. ? N 7 electrons N 1s22s22p3

  18. Hund’s rule: The most stable arrangement of electrons in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins. N 7 electrons N 1s22s22p3

  19. Hund’s rule: The most stable arrangement of electrons in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins. O 8 electrons O 1s22s22p4

  20. Hund’s rule: The most stable arrangement of electrons in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins. F 9 electrons F 1s22s22p5

  21. Hund’s rule: The most stablearrangement of electrons in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins. Ne 10 electrons Ne 1s22s22p6

  22. Order of orbitals (filling) in multi-electron atom 1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p < 5s < 4d < 5p < 6s

  23. Outermost subshell being filled with electrons

  24. Electrons determine all of the chemical properties and some of the physical properties of elements.

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