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Atmospheric general circulations

Atmospheric general circulations. 1. Single-cell Model. Thermally driven circulation (direct circulation). 2. ITCZ: Intertropical Convergence Zone. 3. Hadley circulation. 30 degree. North. South. 4. Subtropical highs. 5. Three cell model. Polar cell: direct cell. Ferrel cell:

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Atmospheric general circulations

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  1. Atmospheric general circulations 1. Single-cell Model Thermally driven circulation (direct circulation)

  2. 2. ITCZ: Intertropical Convergence Zone

  3. 3. Hadley circulation 30 degree North South

  4. 4. Subtropical highs

  5. 5. Three cell model Polar cell: direct cell Ferrel cell: indirect cell

  6. Global Atmospheric Circulation Model

  7. 6. Monsoons Does not mean “rainy season”, it refers to a wind system that exhibits a pronounced seasonal reversal in direction. Asian Monsoon The raining season begins around the beginning of June and fade away by the end of September

  8. The North American Monsoon The North American Monsoon occurs from late May or early June into September, originating over Mexico and spreading into the southwest United States by mid July.

  9. Ocean Currents 1. Open-Ocean Wind driven Surface Current

  10. 2. Ekman Effect

  11. Ekman Spiral , Ekman transport The integrated water mass transport is at the right angle, 90 degree, to the wind direction, known as Ekman transport. Ekman layer Ekman layer

  12. 3. Ocean Gyres

  13. 4. Equatorial Upwelling

  14. 5. Coastal Upwelling and Downwelling

  15. 6. Oceanic surface currents

  16. 7. Gulf Stream

  17. Barents Sea Arctic Ocean 8. Western intensification

  18. Oceanic eddies Land + _

  19. 9. Deep ocean circulation heating cooling New idea Upper surface water increases its density either directly by cooling or indirectly when ice freezes out to eject salt, and thus, increasing the density of the remaining water. 1. North Atlantic cooling effect in the winter. 2. Antarctic freezing effect

  20. 10. Deep water formation a. North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) Source: Norwegian sea, Greenland Sea Labrador Sea b. Mediterranean Deep Water (MIW) Source: Mediterranean Sea d. Pacific Intermediate Water (PIW) Sources: Bering Sea c. Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) Sources: Margins of Antarctic continent, Wedell Sea, and Ross Sea Greenland Sea Labrador Sea Mediterranean Sea Wedell Sea Ross Sea

  21. 11. Deep ocean conveyer belt circulation NADW AADW

  22. Ocean Circulation

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