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The National SA-CERN Program

The National SA-CERN Program. Presented by: ZZ Vilakazi (iThemba LABS) & J. Cleymans(UCT) On behalf of the SA-CERN Collaboration. THE SA-CERN PROGRAMME. The Role Players. History of SA’s contribution to frontier–level Nuclear & High Energy Physics.

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The National SA-CERN Program

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  1. The National SA-CERN Program Presented by: ZZ Vilakazi (iThemba LABS) & J. Cleymans(UCT) On behalf of the SA-CERN Collaboration

  2. THE SA-CERN PROGRAMME The Role Players

  3. History of SA’s contribution to frontier–level Nuclear & High Energy Physics • Some SA Graduates who have made an impact in the subject: • S. Mandelstam [B. Sc. (wits)]: Variables for calculating kinematics for particle interactions. [IoP Dirac medal] • J. Dorfan [B. Sc . (uct)]: Director of Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC :1999 – 2007) • S. Teuklosky [B. Sc (wits)]: Numerical calculations; Cosmology

  4. SA’s involvement at CERN thus far • ISOLDE Collaboration (K. Bharuth-Ram (UKZN) • CERN- ALICE Collaboration (J. Cleymans (UCT) & Z Vilakazi (UCT)) + (Z Buthelezi & S Foertsch (iTL) • CERN-NA43:Aarhus, Wits (Sellschop, Connell, Vilakazi), Florence - collaboration • 1992 – 1997 • CERN-NA59: Aarhus, Wits (Sellschop [dec], Connell), Florence, Northwestern (US), NIKHEF - collaboration • 1998 – 2007 • CERN-NA63:Aarhus, UJ (Connell, Ballestrero), Florence, Northwestern (US), NIKHEF - collaboration • 2008 – • Includes a FP7 application to develop Gamma Ray Lasers using diamond crystal undulators Signing of first Co-operation agreement (1992): R. Arndt (FRD president) & C. Rubbia (CERN-DG)

  5. The SA-CERN Program • SA CERN started as a consortium of researchers who had long standing research program with CERN • Modeled along the Australian, Indian and Brazilian programs. • Allows for central point of coordination and resource allocation. • Agreement was that iTL would act as a neutral institutional hosts for the SA-CERN program:

  6. SA-CERN ProgramHost Institution: iThemba LABS (iTL) Governance Structure Advisory Committee Executive Committee Chairman J Cleymans (UCT) DST SAIP NRF International Reviewer/s HOST MEMBERS ZZ Vilakazi (Director) V Spannenberg (Business Manager) ALICE Group Leader S Förtsch Deputy Leader RW Fearick (UCT) ATLAS Group Leaders SH Connell (UJ) & T Vickey (wits) ISOLDE Group Leader K Bharuth-Ram (UKZN) Nuclear and Particle Theory Group Leader S Karataglidis (Rhodes/UJ)

  7. Existing activities at CERN involving South African scientists

  8. ALICE: A Large Ion Collider Experiment at CERN-LHC Size: 16 x 26 meters Weight: 10,000 tonnes 9

  9. Little Bang Big Bang Hot Era WMAP data (3x105 years) QGP Inflation CGC/ Glasma Plot by T. Hatsuda

  10. CGC Initial Singularity Hadron Gas Glasma sQGP Gribov, Levin and Ryskin 1984 Mueller 1994 McLerran and Venugopalan 1994 Iancu Kovchegov New York-Tel Aviv-Paris-Helsinki-Frankfurt High Energy Density Gluonic Matter Thermalization?

  11. LHC: Plasma Energy Density; Lifetime Energy density expected to increase by factor ~ 2 – 3 Lifetime of QGP by Factor ~ 2 – 3 12

  12. LHC: extending the low-x Reach RHIC as opened the low-x frontier finding indications for new physics (CGC ?) LHC will lower the x- frontier by another factor 30 Can reach x = 3 * 10-6 in pp, 10-5 in PbPb 13

  13. UCT group 2004 Tromsø Bergen Dubna Heidelberg Cape Town Participation of SA in ALICE • Cape Town in ALICE: currently 6 senior staff + several students • UCT joined 2001, became UCT-CERN research center in 2003 • iThemba LABS joined in2008 • Projects • Dimuon Arm: algorithms for online High Level Trigger (dHLT, commissioned in 2008) • Grid Computing: Computing Cluster integrated into ALICE GRID • Physics: Dimuon studies (acceptance, efficiency); W production in pp; .. • HLT data challenge: Nov. 2004 • Online test on ‘Grid’ ! • Test latency tolerance • Run stable for > 15 hours • Rate limited by bandwidth • IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci.55:703,2008.

  14. High-level Engagement • Regular short/medium visits at CERN • Inter. Workshop on dimuon physics SA, 2004 • VIP visits • Minister Mangena(S&T), June 005 • Dr Mjwara (DG DST), July 2007 • M. Shuttleworth, Feb. 2007 SA team in ALICE, 2007 Minister M. Mangena, June 2005

  15. Off-line Data processing 18TB Dec 2007: Data Processing during 1st global Commissioning Run systematic reconstruction of all RAW data Reconstructed events made available to collaboration Accumulated data • In 2007: • 65 Sites on 4 continents • 7500 CPUs • 1PB of storage Europe Africa Asia Typical GRID operation during December 2007 Run NorthAmerica More from Bruce Becker 16

  16. Contributions by the iTL/UCT group to the CERN-SPS experiments. Physics goals of the NA61 experiment (I): Physics of strongly interacting matter quark-gluon plasma Discovery potential: Search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter transition Precision measurements: Study the properties of the onset of deconfinement in nucleus-nucleus collisions Measure hadron production at high transverse momenta in p+p and p+Pb collisions as reference for Pb+Pb results hadron gas

  17. Searching for the critical point strongly interacting matter water Temperature (MeV) Baryochemical potential (MeV) critical point 1st order phase transition

  18. The NA61/SHINE Collaboration: 122 physicists from 24 institutes and 13 countries: University of Athens, Athens, Greece University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland KFKI IPNP, Budapest, Hungary Cape Town University, Cape Town, South Africa Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia Fachhochschule Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland Jan Kochanowski Univeristy, Kielce, Poland Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia LPNHE, Universites de Paris VI et VII, Paris, France Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia State University of New York, Stony Brook, USA KEK, Tsukuba, Japan Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

  19. Detector NA49 facility + TPC read-out (x10) ToF (x2) PSD (x10) Beam pipe (x10) NA49: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A430, 210 (1999) NA49: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A430, 210 (1999) NA61 upgrades: CERN-SPSC-2006-034, SPSC-P-330

  20. Study the onset of deconfinement In+In ? S+S C+C p+p 10 20 30 40 80 158 energy (A GeV) 10 20 30 40 80 158 energy (A GeV) Search for the onset of the horn in collisions of light nuclei Precision measurements following the NA49 discovery

  21. The Expected Landscape Quark Gluon Plasma

  22. Searching for the critical point 10A GeV 158A Xe+La Ar+Ca p+p B+C p+p In+In 10 20 30 40 80 158 energy (A GeV) Search for the hill of fluctuations Discovery potential

  23. Revised data taking schedule with ion beams NA61 ion program Pb+Pb NA49 (1996-2002) Xe+La 2014 Ar+Ca 2012 B+C 2010/11(13) p+p 2009/10 p+Pb 2011/12 10 20 30 40 80 158 energy (A GeV) The first 2D scan in history of A+A collisions

  24. The NA61 revised data taking plan FR test-1 secondary (FR test-2) primary (secondary) iThemba LABS comes into the party primary

  25. Grenoble Test Source 2 (GTS2)at iThemba LABS • iThemba LABS is in the process of assembling an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS GTS2) that was designed by CEA in Grenoble, France, but not manufactured by them, because that division closed down. iThemba LABS bought the design drawings of the source from them and is now in the final stage of assembling the source. This source is the only other source that is based on the same design as the heavy-ion ECRIS used at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) facility at The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) facility in Europe, and subsequently a collaboration agreement was proposed by CERN. A Letter of Intent was signed between iThemba LABS and CERN to outline the terms and conditions of the collaboration agreement, which involves the initial commissioning of the GTS2 ECRIS at iThemba LABS, followed by the study of specific heavy-ion beams as requested by the fixed target experiment (NA61) group at CERN. The aim will be to find the optimal source settings and to characterize the source behavior for these specific ion species. Construction is on schedule for completion by the end of 2010.

  26. ECRIS – GTS2

  27. Current (micro ampere) Charge state The beam currents are shown for the different charge states of a xenon from different sources. The AECR source is from the USA, the GTS source from CEA in France and SERSE and VENUS are super conducting sources from Italy and the USA, respectively.

  28. Letter of Intent between iThemba LABS and CERN and Initial activities to ensure the success of this project • The NRF made available R4M which was needed to buy and manufacture the outstanding components of the GTS2 ECRIS. • Letter of Intention was signed by both parties on June 2010. • CERN and iThemba LABS respectively contribute CHF50k and R200k for the execution of the project. • Dr Rainer Thomae from iThemba LABS is visiting CERN from 27 July – 10 August 2010 to gain experience in operating the CERN GTS2 ECRIS. • Dr Thomae will visit CERN later this year to assist with the operation of the CERN GTS2 ECRIS when it will be use to produce heavy ions for the CERN accelerators. • Dr Detlef Kuchler from CERN will visit iThemba LABS by the end of 2010 to help iThemba LABS with the commissioning of the GTS2 source.

  29. Revised data taking schedule with ion beams NA61 ion program Pb+Pb NA49 (1996-2002) Xe+La 2014 Ar+Ca 2012 B+C 2010/11(13) p+p 2009/10 p+Pb 2011/12 10 20 30 40 80 158 energy (A GeV) The first 2D scan in history of A+A collisions

  30. From the Bevelac to the LHC: AGS SPS RHIC Heavy Ions at LHC

  31. SA could be a potential Gateway to allow access for the continent to CERN

  32. Thank You

  33. Onset of deconfinement AGS SPSRHIC hadrons mixed QGP Kink hadron production properties Horn AGS SPS RHIC Step collision energy NA49 results (PRC77:024903): evidence for the onset of deconfinement at the low CERN SPS energies collision energy

  34. LHC: Cross-sections and Rates Cross-sections of interesting probes expected to increase by factors ~ 10 ( cc ) to ~ 102 ( bb ) to ~ > 105(very high pT jets) 36

  35. Small x higher initial parton density qualitatively different matter produced at LHC mid-rapidity? tests of saturation phenomena? - bulk observables - pt-spectra in scaling regime - rapidity vs. dependence - … • Large abundant yield of hard probes precise tests of properties of produced matter - color field strength - collective flow - viscosity - … The kinematical range accessible

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