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ChAPTER 52 – OLC – Passive Periphrastic. ChAPTER 52 – OLC – Passive Periphrastic. ChAPTER 52 – OLC – Passive Periphrastic. I . The Passive Periphrastic (gerundive + form of sum, esse ) GERUNDIVES of Obligation – a.k.a. the “passive periphrastic” (page 174)… examples :
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ChAPTER52 – OLC – Passive Periphrastic • I. The Passive Periphrastic (gerundive + form of sum, esse) • GERUNDIVES of Obligation – a.k.a. the “passive periphrastic” (page 174)…examples: • cēnanōbīsparanda est. = Dinner must be prepared by us. = We must prepare dinner. [nōbīs is dative of agent] • hortusmihivisitandus est. = the garden must be visited by me I must visit the garden. • litteraepatrīscrībendaesunt. = the letters must be written by father Father must write the letters.
ChAPTER52 – OLC – Passive Periphrastic • I. The Passive Periphrastic (gerundive + form of sum, esse) • GERUNDIVES of Obligation – a.k.a. the “passive periphrastic” (page 174)… Gerundives with the helping verb (form of sum, esse) show necessity, obligation (p. 174 & above) …more examples : • omnēshīlibrīmihilegendīsunt. = All these books must be read by me. = I must read all these books. • DrācōDormiēnsNunquamTitillandus (est) = A Sleeping Dragon should never be tickled. ≈ Never tickle a sleeping dragon. • In carceremiudicīmittenduseris. = You will have to be sent to prison by the judge. = The judge will have to send you to prison. • The Dative of Agent with gerundives of obligation (page 174 & above)
ChAPTER52 – OLC – Passive Periphrastic Examples of the Gerundive of Obligation in indirect statement…just remember accusative + inf. 1. Māterdīxitcēnamnōbīsparandamesse. = Mother said that dinner must be prepared by us. = Mother said that we must prepare dinner. [nōbīs is dative of agent] 2. Magister dīcitomnēshōslibrōsmihilegendōsesse. = 3. Iudexnūntiāvittē in carceremmittendumesse. = 4. Hermiōnedīcitdrācōnemdormientemnunquamtitillandum (esse) =
ChAPTER52 – OLC – Passive Periphrastic • The gerundive of intransitive verbs is often used impersonally(page 174) • Intransitive verbs (i.e., verbs that do not take a direct object; e.g., verbs of motion) are used impersonally. In this event, the gerundives end in –ndum, and the helping verb is singular (est, erat, erit, fuit, sit, esset): • Nōbīseundum est. = We must go. (literally: there must be a going by us.) • Puellīsfestinandumerat. = The girls had to hurry. (literally: It had to be hurried by the girls) • Nuncestbibendum = There must now be a drinking (i.e., Let’s make a toast. Famous poem of Horace) • Hīc omnibus puerīsmanendumerit. = All the boys will have to stay here. (There will have to be a staying by all the boys.)
ChAPTER52 – OLC – Passive Periphrastic • The gerundive showing purpose as the object of curo, mitto & do, dare(page 174)… -Sometimes the gerundive agrees with the object of special verbs showing purpose or intent, e.g., curāre, dare, mittere (see 52.2): • Domummagistradiscipulumpuniendummīsit. = The teacher sent the student home to be punished. • Augustus ludōsCapuaecelebrandōscurāvit. = Augustus arranged for (took care to (have)) the games celebrated at Capua.
ChAPTER52 – OLC – Passive Periphrastic • TRANSLATE into your composition books: • 1. res publicaregendaest; et cīvēsregendīsunt. • 2. carmenmihiscrībendum est. • 3. carminamihiscrībendasunt. (erant/erunt) • 4. verbapoetārummilitibusaudiendasunt. • 5. Nosomnesmoritūrīsumus. Hoc vōbīsintellegendum est. • 6. hic servus miser dominōdurōeritliberandus.
ChAPTER52 – OLC – Passive Periphrastic • 7. nuncpuerīsabeundum est. • 8. urbecaptā, nuncnōbīs in exsiliumeundum est. • 9. Sībellum gerendumesset, meīamīcī, peterētisne nova arma? • 10. Romamomnibus virīsbonīsveniendum est. • 11. Carthagodelenda est. • 12. volopecuniamtibi dare ad cenamparandam. (cenaeparandae) • 13. dux urbemdelendamcurāvit.
