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Motor Development Overview

Motor Development Overview. Concepts Terminology History Methods of Study Theories. What is motor development?.

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Motor Development Overview

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  1. Motor Development Overview Concepts Terminology History Methods of Study Theories

  2. What is motor development? Motor development is continuous change in motor behavior throughout the life cycle, brought about by the interaction among the requirements of the task, the biology of the individual and the conditions of the environment. (Gallahue & Ozman, 1998, p.3)

  3. The Nature of Developmental Change Development is an interactional process. It leads to changes in behavior over the lifespan. Six elements of change: • qualitative - 10 year old runs faster than a 2 year old • sequential - one walks before she/he runs • cumulative - early behavior are building blocks • directional - may be progressive or regressive • multifactorial - results from many factors acting together • individual - rate differs from one individual to another

  4. A developmental Prospective A one-year-old infant and a 5-year- old walk with short steps, wide stance and arm high: Are the infant’s and the 5-year-old’s walking pattern wrong?

  5. How does behavior develop? There is an interaction between the biology of the individual (i.e. heredity, nature), the task (physical and mechanical factors), and the environment (i.e. learning, experience, nurture) that shapes the totality of human behavior.

  6. Domains of Behavior

  7. Movement Forms • Gross or fine motor movement • Discrete, serial, or continuous movement patterns • Open or closed movement skill

  8. Development is age-related, but not age dependent. Biological age only roughly approximates chronological age. Although chronological age is the most commonly used means of developmental classification it is the least valid.

  9. Biological Age • Morphological age: a comparison of attained height and weight to norms. For example pediatricians use growth charts to gauge physical growth. • Skeletal age: determined by x-rays of carpal bones of hand and wrist. • Sexual age: growth of genitalia and age of onset of menarche and ova production

  10. Chronological Classifications

  11. Growth and Development • Physical growth: the increase in body structure or the totality of physical change • Development: changes in functional abilities • Maturation: sequential innate qualitative changes enabling progress to higher levels • Experience: factors in environment affecting rate of appearance of different behaviors • Adaptation: Complex interplay between nature and nurture

  12. Research Methodology

  13. Maturational Natural observation of infant behavior Development results from inborn biology Product oriented research Gesell and McGraw Mechanistic Studied fundamental movement patterns of children Process oriented research emphasized Halverson & Seefelt Developmental Research

  14. Developmentally Appropriate Practices in Physical Education A second grade class is given a running test in May and again in December. Most children are running faster when tested the second time. Are they more fit? Are they more skillful?

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