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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

The nervous system plays a crucial role in controlling and coordinating body functions by responding to external and internal stimuli. It is divided into two main parts: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). Neurons, the specialized cells that transmit impulses, consist of sensory, motor, and interneurons. Communication between neurons occurs at synapses using neurotransmitters. The brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves work together to maintain body functions and reflexes, allowing us to react to our environment efficiently.

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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

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  1. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM HOW DOES IT WORK?

  2. Function of the Nervous System • Controlsandcoordinatesfunctions throughout the body • How? • By responding to external and internalstimuli! • List 3external(outside the body) stimuli: • Temperature • Texture • Brightness • List 2internal(inside the body) stimuli: • Heart rate • Peristalsis

  3. Neurons http://www.rainbowstudio.com • Special cell that transmitsimpulses • 3TYPES • Sensory • From sense organs (eyes, nose, skin, ears, tongue)tobrain/spinal cord • Motor • Frombrain/spinal cordtomuscles/glands • Interneurons • Interconnectother two types • Found in brain and spinal cord

  4. Parts of a Neuron

  5. The Synapse • Impulses aretransmittedfrom one neuron to the next • Synapse: • Thespacebetweenneuronswhere impulses “jump” from one neuron to the next • Neurotransmitters: • Chemicalsused to helptransfertheimpulseacross thesynapse • Found intiny sacs (vesicles)at theaxon terminals • Released fromvesiclesby theimpulsereaching theaxon terminals

  6. The Synapse

  7. The Nervous System How is it made up?

  8. Divisions of the Nervous System • The nervous system is divided into 2 main parts: • The Central Nervous System (CNS) • The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) http://www.morphonix.com/software/education/science/brain/game/specimens/nervous_system.html

  9. The Central Nervous System (CNS) • Consists of: • The brain • The spinal cord

  10. The Brain • Cerebrum • Largestpart of brain • All voluntary(you can control!) movements controlled here • Leftside of brain deals with right side of body andvice versa • Cerebellum • Secondlargest region • Coordinationandbalance • “Bellum balance”

  11. The Brain con’t….. • Brain stem • Connects brain to spinal cord • Consists of • Medulla oblongata (heart rate, etc) • Thalamus • Receives messages from sense organs • Hypothalamus • Control center for hunger, fatigue, body temp

  12. PARTS OF THE BRAIN

  13. Parts of the Brain Fill-In

  14. BRAIN CONTROL What parts of the brain control what???????

  15. The Spinal Cord • Communication link btw brain and rest of body • REFLEXES are processed here • Can you name some commonreflexes????????????

  16. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • TWO FUNCTIONS • TRANSFER IMPULSES FROMSENSE ORGANSCNS • TRANSFER IMPULSES FROMCNSMUSCLES OR GLANDS • Can you remember which neurons are involved?? • Sensory • Motor

  17. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • TWO PARTS • SOMATIC NS • VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS • AUTONOMIC NS • INVOLUNTARY ACTIONS • HEARTBEAT • GLAND STIMULATION

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