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Understanding Earth's Layers: Core, Mantle, and Crust Explained

Explore the fascinating structure of Earth, comprising the inner and outer core, mantle, and crust. The inner core is a dense ball of solid iron and nickel, reaching astounding temperatures due to immense pressure. Surrounding it, the outer core is a hot liquid that generates Earth's magnetic field, protecting us from harmful solar radiation. The mantle consists of very hot solid rock that flows under gradual pressure. Finally, the crust is Earth's outermost layer, varying in thickness and composition between oceanic and continental types. Discover the complexities of our planet's geology!

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Understanding Earth's Layers: Core, Mantle, and Crust Explained

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  1. Earth Layers

  2. Inner Core • Made mostly of iron and nickel • Dense ball of solid metal due to intense pressure • Very hot and very dense • 1,216 km thick

  3. Outer Core • Made mostly of iron and nickel • Liquid and very hot • Liquid core spinning on Earth’s axis creates magnetic field which protects Earth from Harmful solar energy • 2266 km thick

  4. Mantle • Made of very hot solid rock material • Is plastic – flows under gradual pressure but shatters under sudden intense pressure • Lithosphere – outermost layer of mantle that moves as a rigid layer with the crust plates • Asthenosphere – layer below the lithosphere on which the lithosphere flows • Lower mantle is solid rock material • 2867 km thick

  5. Crust • Thinnest and outermost layer of rock. • Oceanic crust is thinner and is made of black dense basalt rock. • Continental crust is thicker (especially at mountains) and is made of less dense, light colored, granite rock • Between 5-70 km thick

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