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Anthrax: Are You at Risk?

Anthrax: Are You at Risk?. Ann Herring-Lambert, LVT, BA, CVMN Ph.D. Student, Walden University PUBH-8165-1: Environmental Health Instructor: Dr. David Anderson Term 4, Year 1. Purpose of Presentation The General Public will be able to: Understand the cause and transmission of the disease

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Anthrax: Are You at Risk?

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  1. Anthrax: Are You at Risk? Ann Herring-Lambert, LVT, BA, CVMN Ph.D. Student, Walden University PUBH-8165-1: Environmental Health Instructor: Dr. David Anderson Term 4, Year 1

  2. Purpose of Presentation • The General Public will be able to: • Understand the cause and transmission of the disease • Identify signs and symptoms • Identify risk factors for exposure • Understand prophylactic and treatment measures • Implement preventive measures • Contact the appropriate authorities in the event of potential exposure or signs and symptoms • Share and discuss information with others

  3. Overview • Disease Agent: Bacillus anthracis • Ancient bacterial pathogen • Single-celled, spore-forming bacteria • Reason for spore formation • Zoonosis Bacillus anthracis spores. Photo by Janice Haney Carr. CDC Public Health Image Library. http://www.cdc.gov

  4. Transmission • Zoonotic- Animals and Animal Products • Soil & Water • Bioterrorism- Intentional Transmission • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2011). Emergency preparedness and response: Anthrax. Retrieved from http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/index.asp

  5. Types of Anthrax • Cutaneous (skin) • Inhalation • Gastrointestinal Bacillus anthracis bacteria. CDC Public Health Image Library. http://www.cdc.gov

  6. Cutaneous Anthrax • Contact with skin • Lesions • Prognosis • Treatment • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2011). Emergency preparedness and response: Anthrax. Retrieved from http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/index.asp Cutaneous Lesions. CDC Public Image Health Library (PHIL). www.cdc.gov

  7. Inhalation Anthrax • Respiratory • Prognosis • Treatment • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2011). Emergency preparedness and response: Anthrax. Retrieved from http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/index.asp Lesions and edema in the lungs. CDC Public Health Image Library (PHIL). www.cdc.gov

  8. Gastrointestinal Anthrax • Digestive tract • Prognosis • Treatment • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2011). Emergency preparedness and response: Anthrax. Retrieved from http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/index.asp

  9. Risk Factors • Occupational Contact • Incidental Contact • Bioterrorism • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2011). Emergency preparedness and response: Anthrax. Retrieved from http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/index.asp • United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA/APHIS). (2009). Epizootiology and ecology of anthrax. Retrieved from http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/emergingissues/downloads/anthrax.pdf

  10. Examples of Potentially At-Risk Groups (Primarily Occupational) Agricultural Workers Veterinary Professionals Taxidermists Laboratory Workers Researchers Public Health Professionals Zoo/Wildlife Professionals Hide/Leather Industry Workers Food Industry Workers Hunters Animal Caretakers Military Personnel Government/Public Servants (i.e. Postal Workers) Law Enforcement Personnel Security Personnel Shipping Industry Personnel Academia

  11. Prophylactic Measures • Vaccine- Available, but not to the general public • Antibiotics- Mainly used for treatment, but may be used in certain circumstances • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2011). Emergency preparedness and response: Anthrax. Retrieved from http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/index.asp

  12. Preventive Measures • Do not handle live or dead animals suspected of having anthrax • Do not consume meat or other products from animals suspected of having anthrax • Do not handle hides, hair, or wool from animals suspected of having anthrax • Do not open suspicious packages or mail • Always wash hands thoroughly • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2011). Emergency preparedness and response: Anthrax. Retrieved from http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/index.asp

  13. Who to Contact if You Suspect Anthrax Exposure/Infection • Health care provider • Veterinarian • Law enforcement • Health departments • State departments of agriculture

  14. Final Thoughts • Educate • Take Precautions • Contacts List • Review Risk Factors • Remain Calm

  15. Additional Resources American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). Frequently Asked Questions About Anthrax. http://www.avma.org/public_health/biosecurity/anthrax_faq.asp Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Emergency Preparedness and Response: Anthrax. http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/index.asp National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Understanding Anthrax. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anthrax/Pages/default.aspx PubMed Health. Anthrax. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002301/

  16. Additional Resources United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA/APHIS). http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Biological Attack: The Danger. http://www.dhs.gov/files/publications/gc_1245183510280.shtm World Health Organization (WHO). Guidance on Anthrax: Frequently Asked Questions. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/Anthrax/anthraxfaq/en/

  17. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2011). Emergency preparedness and response: Anthrax. Retrieved from http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/index.asp Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2008). Public Health Image Library (PHIL). Retrieved from http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). (2010). Anthrax. Retrieved from http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anthrax/Pages/default.aspx PubMed Health. (2012). Anthrax. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002301/ Shadomy, S. V., & Smith, T. L. (July 1, 2008). Zoonosis update: Anthrax. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 233(1), 63-72. Retrieved from http://www.avma.org/avmacollections/zu/javma_233_1_63.pdf

  18. References Southern Illinois University School of Medicine (SIU). (2010). Anthrax: Bacteriology , clinical presentations and management. Retrieved from http://www.siumed.edu/medicine/id/anthrax.htm United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA/APHIS). (2009). Epizootiology and ecology of anthrax. Retrieved from http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/emergingissues/downloads/anthrax.pdf United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). (2011). Biological attack: The danger. Retrieved from http://www.dhs.gov/files/publications/gc_1245183510280.shtm World Health Organization (WHO). (2012). Global alert and response: Anthrax. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/disease/Anthrax/en/

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