ISS3 United States History

1. ISS3 United States History Review session for the first semester. All the questions with the answers!

3. August- It�s all about the Constitution. 1776-2006 Who developed it? Men from all 13 colonies worked together at the Constitutional Convention in 1788 and compromised negotiations gave us the original document. How has it changed over the years? Amendments have caused slavery to be removed, as well as several other issues, such as voting qualifications, length of terms and a variety of other changes. How does it continually change? Directly by amendments, indirectly by interpretations of amendments and legislation. How does the Constitution affect the lives of students? Protections from illegal searches and seizures, due process when accused, right to counsel.

4. August- It�s all about the Constitution. 1776-2006 How does it affect our school, community, state, and nation? Shared duties and responsibilities through our federalist system. Students must understand the Bill of Rights and how it applies to them everyday! This is the key to protecting all people from unlawful actions from federal, state and local governments. Authorities must respect and follow rights and privileges granted to citizens. Government- who has the power and authority in our government and where does it come from? The people give their consent to the government through approval of the Constitution and amendments passed. Economics- what does the Constitution say about spending, taxing, buying and selling? Congress has specific rules in how to spend and collect your money. Most powers are found in Article I section 8.

5. August- It�s all about the Constitution. 1776-2006 Culture- What is said about religion, personal freedoms, and everyday living? The Constitution guarantees no religious test for government officials, no official religion or interference in practicing religion, the right to privacy, speech, press, assembly, petition, as well as several other protections. Geography- What is said about new states, adding land (expansion) and distributing power over such a small nation at first to one of the largest today? Article 4 gives US direction in how to add states, a guarantee to states for a republican form of government and how states are relate to one another.

6. August- It�s all about the Constitution. 1776-2006 Historical perspective- What problems were overcome to develop the Constitution, what problems did it not solve (slavery!), what problems did they create that still have consequences for today�s world? The slavery issue was finally resolved after the Civil War and the 13th amendment, and the representation issue was resolved with the Connecticut Compromise to create a two house Congress, one representing population (the HOUSE) and the other equally dividing two Senators per state. Checks and balances is still an issue that finds impeachments, ratifying treaties and Supreme Court appointments and how to best protect Americans while preserving their civil rights when it comes to spying and gathering information.

7. Reconstruction (federalism ends sectionalism), end of the Wild West (Cowboys and Indians era) 1865-1877 What were the causes and effects of our Civil War? Causes were industrialist thinking North vs. Agrarian South differed in how much government involvement was necessary. States rights and federalism were never popular in the south, especially with the northern abolitionist calling for an end to slavery. The effects of the Civil War ended slavery, states rights to demand nullification of federal laws, and finally settled the question of the supremacy of the federal government.

8. Reconstruction (federalism ends sectionalism), end of the Wild West (Cowboys and Indians era) 1865-1877 What was reconstruction and how did it officially end? Reconstruction is the twelve year period right after the end of the Civil War that featured the occupation of the southern states by US troops. Carpetbaggers and Scalawags came from the north to take advantage of the weakened economy of the south. The rebuilding process was marred by the black codes (discrimination) that treated the new citizens (former slaves) made so by the 14th amendment and should have protected their voting rights (15th am.) but southern states and communities found ways to keep blacks from participating in government through a set of JIM CROW laws. Reconstruction officially ended with the withdrawal of troops after the election of Hayes in 1876. Hayes promised and did remove troops immediately after his inauguration in 1877 because of a deal made due to the disputed election between Hayes and Tilden.

9. Reconstruction (federalism ends sectionalism), end of the Wild West (Cowboys and Indians era) 1865-1877 Shared power with an understanding of who is the boss (UNCLE SAM!) Federalism became the permanent relationship between the federal government and the states. States realized the supremacy of federal laws and were given interpretative powers in some areas which later made it necessary for a civil rights movement. Where did the Indians go? Indian populations were greatly reduced mainly from disease, destruction of the buffalo, and Indian wars after the Civil War. The Ghost Dance in 1890 marked the end of Indian uprisings after federal marshals and troops slaughtered several Indians including Sitting Bull. Where did the image of the cowboy come from? Movies and dime novels made the image of the cowboy so appealing. The hat, boots, spurs and other gear were adapted from Mexicans and range riders in the southwest. The end of the cowboy era came with the Glidden invention of bard wire and trains to replace the long drives north.

10. The Gilded Age (Industrialization of America). 1870-1900 Did the industrialization of America bring prosperity? America moved to the city in large numbers when capital became available for men to invest into factories and the need for more labor required immigration laws to be relaxed. America had its first millionaires from the robber barons that eventually formed large trusts and holding companies that not only provided jobs, but a middle class of consumers. How can this be compared to what is happening in China, Taiwan, and India today? Are these nations going to experience the same type of growth? Most of these nations are currently expanding at a rapid pace. They have yet to experience the labor movements and the social and cultural revolutions that America experienced during the gilded and progressive eras.

11. September- the Gilded Age (Industrialization of America). 1870-1900 How did the robber barons get rich and powerful? Exploiting weak government and new factory methods, robber barons used horizontal and vertical integration to control the production and sales of their products, which eventually led to trusts and monopolies to form to eliminate competition. Who are the modern day robber barons? The Wal-mart family franchise, Bill Gates� Microsoft, and various other industries that use every available source to get their products in the hands of all consumers, they are ruthless at eliminating the competition.

12. September- the Gilded Age (Industrialization of America). 1870-1900 * What inventions were the most important to the making of the gilded age? Telephone, camera, printing press advances, train improvements, skyscrapers, bridges all contributed to faster communication and transportation. This is the period that formed the greatest nation in the world. What did they do right and what could we do to duplicate it? Learning how to be efficient and giving the consumer what they wanted at a great price. This continues to be a challenge, with higher labor costs, production costs and shipping the goods to where people want the items. Corporations have moved to nations where labor and environmental regulations are cheaper and more favorable in producing cost effective products.

13. September- the Gilded Age (Industrialization of America). 1870-1900 What were the biggest mistakes made during this period? The biggest mistakes made during the gilded age was ignoring the environment, taking advantage of the people (women, children, immigrants) who worked in the factories and being above the law by using politicians to control their competition. Why is America so isolated from the world during this period? America was always afraid of entanglement with overseas affairs, since the days of George Washington, when he warned the new nation to avoid complicated alliances. America had a stable government, economy and other nations were experiencing internal conflicts that dealt with civil rights of its own citizens.

14. September- the Gilded Age (Industrialization of America). 1870-1900 Will other nations of the world experience similar problems as they go through their own industrialization period? This is bound to happen as workers demand more from the employers, protections by the government and more citizens learn how to voice protests without getting jailed or killed. This is commonly referred to as the era of The Rise of Big Business. Trusts, monopolies, greed, wealth, poverty, inventions in electricity, communication, transportation, weak governments, discrimination toward blacks, women, immigrants, poor, children, Indians, all change America forever. America does not follow the same recipe as Europe in its growth and prosperity.

15. September- the Gilded Age (Industrialization of America). 1870-1900 Government- Federalism, weak government enforcement of protective laws and political corruption bring on the progressive era. Economic- jobs, cheap labor, agrarian south, industrial north, cities develop, barb wire and trains, OIL, STEEL, RAILROADS, TOBACCO monopolies are the forces that drive the gilded age. Available capital (money to invest) is the key to American success. Culture- Religions, immigrant and poverty problems, race and gender abuses, not to mention child labor, farmer movements and education concerns all change America.

16. September- the Gilded Age (Industrialization of America). 1870-1900 Geography- Freedmen ignored on the farms in the south, Indians exterminated, conquering the continent with Railroads cause the cities to expand out and up. Cities spring up away from major ports, waterways and rivers due to the ability to run electricity inland and run factories. Historical- mending relationships north and south by ending Reconstruction causes black and white strained relationships. Then problems start with native and immigrant, red and white, big business brings about new concerns and problems that do not have easy solutions. How did Europe and Asia deal differently with these same problems? People left there and came to America. Wars developed over natural resources, political ideology and alliances.