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Pathogens must defend themselves against numerous factors

Pathogens must defend themselves against numerous factors . Annual Reviews. Annual Reviews. Annual Reviews. Annual Reviews. http://plantpath.caes.uga.edu/personnel/faculty/Hussey.html. Secreted proteins with ortholog in M. hapla genome. Accession Number. Description.

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Pathogens must defend themselves against numerous factors

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  1. Pathogens must defend themselves against numerous factors

  2. Annual Reviews

  3. Annual Reviews

  4. Annual Reviews

  5. Annual Reviews

  6. http://plantpath.caes.uga.edu/personnel/faculty/Hussey.html

  7. Secreted proteins with ortholog in M. hapla genome Accession Number Description AF013289 Meloidogyne incognita secreted protein MSP-1 AF049139 Meloidogyne incognita cellulose binding protein precursor cbp-1 AF095949 Meloidogyne javanica chorismate mutase (NC30) AF100549 Meloidogyne incognita beta-1,4-endoglucanase (eng-1) AF323086 Meloidogyne incognita beta-1,4-endoglucanase (eng-2) AY422836 Meloidogyne incognita cellulase (eng3) AY422837 Meloidogyne incognita cellulase (eng4) AF127915 Globodera rostochiensis pectate lyase 1 precursor AF224342 Meloidogyne incognita xylanase (xyl-1) AF273735 Heterodera glycines hypothetical esophageal gland cell secretory protein 8 (hsp8) AF374388 Heterodera glycines vap-1 gene AF402308 Meloidogyne incognita myosin regulatory light chain AF402309 Meloidogyne incognita 14-3-3 product AF402771 Meloidogyne incognita calreticulin AF468679 Heterodera glycines chitinase AF469059 Heterodera glycines annexin 4C10 AF469060 Heterodera glycines ubiquitin extension protein AF473831 Heterodera glycines ubiquitin extension protein AF500024 Heterodera glycines putative gland protein G8H07 AF502391 Heterodera glycines putative gland protein G10A06 AF520566 Heterodera glycines pectate lyase 2 AF527788 Meloidogyne incognita pectate lyase AF531160 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 1 (msp1) AF531161 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 2 (msp2) AF531162 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 3 (msp3) AF531163 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 4 (msp4) AF531164 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 5 (msp5) AF531165 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 6 (msp6) AF531166 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 7 (msp7) AF531167 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 11(msp11) AF531168 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 8 (msp8) AF531169 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 9 (msp9) AF531170 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 10(msp10) AY134431 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 12 (msp12) AY134432 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 13 (msp13)

  8. Secreted proteins with ortholog in M. hapla genome ..continued Accession Number Description AJ243736 Globodera rostochiensis mRNA for peroxiredoxin (tpx gene) AJ251757 Globodera rostochiensis mRNA for for hypothetical protein (clone A18) AJ270995 Globodera rostochiensis mRNA for putative amphid protein (ams1 gene) AJ300178 Globodera pallida mRNA for annexin 2 (nex-2 gene) AJ311902 Globodera rostochiensis mRNA for EXPB2 protein AJ457834 Globodera pallida mRNA for putative chorismate mutase (cm-1 gene) AJ493677 Globodera rostochiensis mRNA for secreted glutathione peroxidase (gpx1 gene) AJ557572 Meloidogyne incognita mRNA for putative cathepsin L protease (cpl-1 gene) AY026357 Heterodera glycines pectinase precursor AY033601 Heterodera glycines venom allergen-like protein (vap-2) AY098646 Meloidogyne incognita polygalacturonase AY134433 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 14 (msp14) AY134434 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 15 (msp15) AY134436 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 17 (msp17) AY134437 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 18 (msp18) AY134438 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 19 (msp19) AY134439 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 20 (msp20) AY134440 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 21 (msp21) AY134442 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 23 (msp23) AY134443 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 24 (msp24) AY134444 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 25 (msp25) AY135362 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 26 (msp26) AY135363 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 27 (msp27) AY135364 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 28 (msp28) AY135365 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 29 (msp29) AY142116 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 32 (msp32) AY142117 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 34 (msp34) AY142118 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 33 (msp33) AY142119 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 35 (msp35) AY142121 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 31 (msp31) AY160225 Heterodera glycines chorismate mutase (cm-1) AY286305 Heterodera schachtii ubiquitin extension protein (Ubi1) AY288520 Heterodera schachtii ubiquitin extension protein 2 Y09293 Globodera pallida mRNA for putative SEC-2 protein DQ841123 Meloidogyne hapla parasitism protein 16D10

  9. Secreted proteins with No ortholog in M. hapla genome ..continued AY134441 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 22 (msp22) AY142120 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 30 (msp30) AY134435 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 16 (msp16)** AF273728 Heterodera glycines hypothetical esophageal gland cell secretory protein 1 (hsp1)** AF469058 Heterodera glycines cellulose binding protein * AJ251758 Globodera rostochiensis partial mRNA for hypothetical protein (clone A41) AJ271910 Globodera rostochiensis mRNA for putative hypodermis secreted protein (sxp1 gene) AF344862 Heterodera glycines putative salivary proline-rich glycoprotein precursor Hgg-15 * homolog from M. incognita (Accession number: AF049139)identified in M. hapla ** 16D10 (CLE) positively identified (Accession number: DQ841123)

  10. Secreted proteins with ortholog in C. elegans Accession Number Description AJ557572 Meloidogyne incognita mRNA for putative cathepsin L protease (cpl-1 gene) AF402309 Meloidogyne incognita 14-3-3 product AF402308 Meloidogyne incognita myosin regulatory light chain AF013289 Meloidogyne incognita secreted protein MSP-1 (msp-1) AF531162 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 3 (msp3) AF531167 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 11 (msp11) AF531170 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 10 (msp10) AY135363 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 27 (msp27) AY135364 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 28 (msp28) AY142116 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 32 (msp32) AY142121 Meloidogyne incognita putative esophageal gland cell secretory protein 31 (msp31) Y09293 Globodera pallida mRNA for putative SEC-2 protein AJ493677 Globodera rostochiensis mRNA for secreted glutathione peroxidase (gpx1 gene) AJ243736 Globodera rostochiensis mRNA for peroxiredoxin (tpx gene) AF374388 Heterodera glycines vap-1 gene AF402771 Meloidogyne incognita calreticulin AY286305 Heterodera schachtii ubiquitin extension protein (Ubi1) AY288520 Heterodera schachtii ubiquitin extension protein 2 AF473831 Heterodera glycines ubiquitin extension protein AF469060 Heterodera glycines ubiquitin extension protein AF468679 Heterodera glycines chitinase AF500024 Heterodera glycines putative gland protein G8H07 AF502391 Heterodera glycines putative gland protein G10A06 AF344862 Heterodera glycines putative salivary proline-rich glycoprotein precursor Hgg-15 AF273735 Heterodera glycines hypothetical esophageal gland cell secretory protein 8 (hsp8)

  11. Host Selective Toxins Only active on plant host of pathogen Over 20 known examples Structurally diverse - range from low molecular weight metabolites to proteins All known HSTs produced by fungi

  12. HSTs are required for pathogenicity No toxin = no disease Host sensitivity conditioned by single gene Toxin damage to host facilitates pathogenesis HSTs are “Agents of Compatibility”

  13. Avirulence determinants products of avr genes, confer incompatibility to the pathogen in the presence of the resistance gene no avr OR no R = disease incompatibility = HR, therefore avr products are “Agents of Incompatibility”

  14. The central conundrum: both susceptible interactions mediated by HSTs and resistance responses mediated avr products result in HOST CELL DEATH! -what distinguishes host response?

  15. The HR cell death interaction feedback mechanism between reactive oxygen intermediates and SA superoxide dismutase may play a key role balance between NO and superoxide superoxide is key regulator rapidly induced by SA

  16. The hypersensitive response is induced by virulence gene products eflux of potassium, and hydroxide influx of calcium and hydrogen ions oxidative burst: ROI, superoxide anions, H2O2, hydroxl radicals, and NO Result: cell membrane disruption, lipid peroxidation Side-effect: ROI induce deposition of lignin, callose, and HPRGs

  17. Host Selective Toxins HC toxin (Cochliobolus carbonum) acts in nucleous, causes hyperacetylation of histones = no antifungal compounds AAL toxin (Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici) inhibits ceramide synthase in ER, leading to PCD T toxin (Cochliobolus heterostrophus) ion flux in mitochondria (Texas CMS) Victorin inhibitor of glycine decarboxlyase, leads to PCD

  18. Toxin targets in the plant cell

  19. Victorin Victoria blight of oats, caused by Cochliobolus victoriae victorin absolute requirement for pathogenicity susceptibility is tightly associated to resistance to crown rust of oats (Puccinia coronata) sensitivity conditioned by the Vb locus, dominant alleles confer susceptibility inseparable from Pc2 locus, which confers resistance to crown rust (same gene?)

  20. Victorin induces a form of PCD (apoptosis) shares many of the symptoms of apoptosis, e.g. DNA laddering, heterochromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, protease activation role of caspases? mitochondrial dysfunction very similar to the HR induced by P. coronata!!

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