Chapter 5, Section 1 Part 2

1. Chapter 5, Section 1Part 2 House of Representatives and Senate

2. Essential Question • Why are the House and the Senate different when they both are houses within the Legislative Body?

3. I Can: • Explain how both Houses of Congress are similar and different • Analyze the House and Senate based on their major facts and information • Understand the idea of gerrymandering and how it affects Congressional elections • Evaluate the leadership structure in both the House and the Senate

4. Videos on Senate and House • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-YKvx3vH7c&feature=related • Cram for the Exam

5. Both Houses of congress • Made by Connecticut Compromise • Every two years 1/3 of Senators and all house members are up for election • Print rules every two years • Republicans sit on right; Democrats sit on left • All proposed laws start as bills

6. Both Houses Cont. • 27th Amendment- pay increase would not take effect until next voting cycle • Franking privilege- Congressional members can send mail for free • May get up to $150,000 a year when they retire • Cannot be arrested while they are attending Congress or going to Congress • Cannot be sued for anything they say on the house or senate floor

7. Discipline in Congress • Censure- vote of disapproval, majority of each house, lose of committee chair • Expulsion- removal from office, 2/3 votes from corresponding house

8. Discipline in Congress • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFQ7T8iiNEo • Congressman dismissed for wearing hoodie

9. Censure in Congress • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMnKltzA44Q&feature=fvsr • Today in History: McCarthy Censure • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VaI2rd-c_1M • McCarthy on his Censure • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqQD4dzVkwk • Have you decency sir

10. House of Representatives • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1goLynHyFaY • Facts of Congress

11. House of Representatives • 435 members based on state population • 2 year terms • No term limits • Elections held in November of even numbered years • Off-Year elections- occurring during nonpresidential years

12. House Cont. • Salary of Members: $174,000 • Debate in house is limited to 1 hour • All tax and revenue bills originate in the House • Lower turnout during elections • 90% reelected

13. Qualifications of Members • 25 years old • Citizen of the US for 7 years • Legal residents of the state that elects them

14. Qualifications of House • http://video.about.com/usgovinfo/What-Are-the-Requirements-to-be-a-Representative-.htm

15. Oath of Office for Members • I, (Name of Member), do solemnly swear (of affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign or domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservations or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter. So help me God.”

16. Oath of Office Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8cGgELJzBw

17. Representation and Reapportionment • Reapportionment Act of 1929- sets House at 435 total seats for 50 states • Reapportionment- reassigning representation based on new number of population for each state • Based on census- population count every 10 years • Each state can gain/loss seats based on population but cannot go above 435 seats • State legislatures sets up congressional districts for each representative and draws boundary lines • Redistricting- setting up/drawing new district lines after reapportionment has taken place

18. Wesberry vs. Sanders 1964 • “One person, One vote” rule, each vote in a congressional district should be worth about the same • Today each district has around 710,000 people

19. Redistricting Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8r7qJvprHXw

20. 2010 Census and House Districts

21. 2010 Kentucky Congressional Districts

22. gerrymandering • Process of drawing district lines to gain an advantage for one group or another; abuse of state redistricting power • Elbridge Gerry- Governor of Massachusetts • District shapes usually very irregular

23. 4 types of Gerrymandering • Incumbent- agreement by both major parties to create safe districts for incumbents in office • Partisan- Benefits one political party over the other (usually whom every is in office during redistricting phase) • Racial-district lines drawn to either favor or harm ethnic/racial groups

24. Gerrymandering Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mky11UJb9AY&feature=endscreen&NR=1 • Animal Kingdom video

25. Potential gerrymandering

26. Gerrymandering Cont. • Packing- drawing lines so they include as many of the opposing party’s voters as possible • Cracking- dividing an opponent’s voters into other districts, weakens opponents voter base

27. Redistricting Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bh4qAJDUOcc • Gerrymandering, Packing, and Cracking • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnQTE1zhXgU&feature=related • Gerrymandering and Redistricting for women

28. Rules and Committees • Aimed at defining that actions an individual representative can take • Rules are geared to move legislation quickly once it reaches the floor • Committees do most of the work (especially in House) • Membership is larger, organize into smaller groups to accomplish work more efficiently.

29. Leadership in the House: 6 Purposes • Organizing and unifying party members • Scheduling the work of the House • Making certain that lawmakers are present for key floor votes • Distributing and collecting information • Keeping the house in touch with the President • Influencing lawmakers to support the polices of their political party

30. Speaker of the House • Presiding officer and most powerful leader • Chosen by caucus from majority party • Follows Vice-President in line of succession • Salary- 223,500 • John Boehner (R-OH)

31. Roles of the Speaker • Chooses chairperson and majority party members to Rules Committee and other committees • First to speak on legislation and recognizes members to speak on legislation • Schedules bills for action and refers bills to proper committees

32. House Floor Leaders • Majority/Minority Leaders- a party, not House official, who carry out party agendas, plan legislative programs, and steer important bills through Congress

33. House Floor Leaders • Majority/Minority Whip- Assistant floor leaders whose goal is to watch how party members intend to vote, encourage them to vote with the party, and see party members are present to vote

34. Leadership Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TgB6-pVzOp4&feature=relmfu • Facts of Congress: Congressional Leaders

35. Video Tour of House • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2gADaGOSYeA&feature=relmfu

36. Lawmaking Process • To introduce a bill, it must be placed in the Hopper, a mahogany box near the front of the room • Only 10 to 20 percent of bills introduced ever make it to the full house for a vote • Those that survive committees are put on a Calendar, listing the bills up for consideration

37. The Hopper • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fq_hOx8E2uo

38. 5 Calendars of the House • Union- lists bills dealing with money • House- Most other public bills • Private- bills dealing with individual people or places • Consent- any bill the House gives unanimous consent to debate out of regular order • Discharge- petition to discharge a bill from committee

39. House Rules Committee • Provides “rule”, or special order, for each bill • When will bill be debated, how long debate can last, and can the bill be amended • Resolves disputes between two committees • Controlled by majority party and so reflects their priorities

40. House Quorum • Minimum number of members who must be present to permit a legislative body to take official action • 218 members are needed for a majority • Committee of the Whole will sometimes meet and only 100 members are needed to move a bill to the whole house floor

41. House of Representatives Video • http://video.about.com/usgovinfo/United-States-House-of-Representatives.htm

42. Why we have a Senate • http://video.about.com/usgovinfo/About-the-U-S--Senate.htm • Facts of Congress Senate • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xj4aMGlf6bA

43. Senate • 100 Senators • 6 year terms • No term limits • Run at-large elections, meaning they are statewide and cover a larger constituent base

44. Senate Cont. • Continuous body- portion of members retain their seats during elections • Fewer rules than in House • More informal atmosphere • Usually allows unlimited debate

45. Senate Bills Scheduled • Senate Leaders control the flow of bills to committees, floor debates and vote • Runs day to day operations on unanimous consent-set aside rules and consider bill from calendar.

46. Two Senate Calendars • General Orders- lists all bills the Senate will consider • Executive Calendar- schedules treaties and nominations

47. Bills Cont. • Filibuster- stall or block legislation and prevent a vote from occurring • Can only be stopped by invoking cloture- cuts debate to 1 hour on a bill and then have a vote • Takes 3/5 (60) votes to enact cloture

48. Filibuster Videos • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQIG-kfT9bI • Facts of Congress • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVc2kMXF_8c • George Mitchell on Filibuster • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a94cm4Fv_34 • History of the Filibuster

49. Senate Leadership: Vice president • President of the Senate • Votes in case of a tie • May recognize members, put questions to a vote, but may not take part in Senate debate

50. President Pro Tempore • Means “for the time being” • Presides in absence of the Vice President • Elected by the Senate and usually senior member of the majority party • 4th in line of succession