1 / 20

Circulatory Systems: Pumps, Vessels, and Blood

Circulatory Systems: Pumps, Vessels, and Blood. In open circulatory systems , the blood or circulating fluid is not kept separate from the tissue fluid. The most simple systems squeeze tissue fluid through and around intercellular spaces.

alana-cervantes
Download Presentation

Circulatory Systems: Pumps, Vessels, and Blood

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Circulatory Systems: Pumps, Vessels, and Blood In open circulatory systems, the blood or circulating fluid is not kept separate from the tissue fluid. The most simple systems squeeze tissue fluid through and around intercellular spaces. Arthropods, mollusks, and other invertebrates utilize this type of circulatory system.

  2. Circulatory Systems: Pumps, Vessels, and Blood A closed circulatory system keeps the blood and tissue fluid separate. One or more muscular hearts and a branching network of vessels (the vascular system) move the blood. There are different types.

  3. In-Text Art, p. 943(1)

  4. In-Text Art, p. 943(3)

  5. In-Text Art, p. 944(1)

  6. In-Text Art, p. 944(2)

  7. Vertebrate Circulatory Systems The four-chambered hearts of birds and mammals completely separate the pulmonary and systemic circuits. The advantages of separate circuits are: Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood cannot mix. Gas exchange is maximized because the lungs receive only blood with low O2 and high CO2 content.

  8. In-Text Art, p. 945

  9. Figure 49.3 The Human Heart and Circulation (Part 2)

  10. The Human Heart: Two Pumps in One The right atrium receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavas. From the right atrium, blood goes to the right ventricle. The right ventricle sends blood through the pulmonary artery to the lung. Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium. From the left atrium, blood goes to the left ventricle. The left ventricle sends blood through the aorta to the body and the capillary beds. Blood returns to the right atrium via veins.

  11. Figure 49.7 The Heartbeat

  12. Figure 49.10 Anatomy of Blood Vessels (Part 1)

  13. Figure 49.13 One-Way Flow

  14. Blood: A Fluid Tissue Blood is connective tissue: it consists of living cells within an extracellular matrix. The fluid matrix is called plasma. The cellular components of blood are the red blood cells (erythrocytes), the white blood cells (leukocytes), and the platelets (cell fragments).

  15. Figure 49.15 The Composition of Blood

  16. Blood: A Fluid Tissue Most of the cells in blood are erythrocytes. At maturity they are biconcave, flexible discs packed with hemoglobin. The hemoglobin carries O2, and the flexible shape of the cell lets them squeeze through narrow capillaries.

  17. Blood: A Fluid Tissue Bone marrow makes about 2 million red blood cells per second. Each red blood cell lives about 120 days and then breaks down. The spleen serves as a reservoir for old blood cells that have been squeezed and ruptured. The cell remnants are then broken down by macrophages.

  18. Blood: A Fluid Tissue Cell damage leads to conversion of an inactive enzyme in the blood, prothrombin, to its active form, thrombin. Thrombin causes a plasma protein, fibrinogen, to polymerize, forming fibrin threads. These threads form a meshwork to seal the damaged vessel and provide a base for scar tissue.

  19. Figure 49.16 Blood Clotting (Part 2)

  20. Blood: A Fluid Tissue Plasma contains gases, ions, nutrients, proteins, hormones, and other chemicals. Nutrient molecules in plasma include glucose, amino acids, lipids, lactic acid, and cholesterol. Circulating proteins include albumin, antibodies, hormones, and carrier molecules.

More Related