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The Circulatory System. pg. 269 - 285. Function. The function of the circulatory system is to circulate blood throughout the body 3 components: Blood Blood vessels The heart. 1. Blood. Plasma water proteins ( eg . insulin) micronutrients Blood cells r ed (erythrocytes)
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The Circulatory System pg. 269 - 285
Function • The function of the circulatory system is to circulate blood throughout the body • 3 components: • Blood • Blood vessels • The heart
1. Blood • Plasma • water • proteins (eg. insulin) • micronutrients • Blood cells • red (erythrocytes) • platelets (thrombocytes) • white (leukocytes)
1. Blood • Diffusion and active transport gets good stuff into cells (eg. O2, glucose) and pulls bad stuff out (eg. CO2, waste, sodium) White blood cells help fight infection. Red blood cells carry oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide waste for elimination. Platelets help stop blood flowing by forming clots.
1. Blood • Your RBCs have markers on the surface that determine your blood type • Your immune system does not like things with foreign markers • O doesn’t have any markers so everyone can receive itbut it can only accept from other Os • AB has all markers so it can receive from anyonebut donate to no one but other ABs O is the universal donor AB is the universal acceptor
2. Blood vessels • Blood vessels transport blood from one place to another • 2 ‘circuits’ blood travels: • Pulmonary circuit • O2-poor blood goes to lungs to get oxygenated • Systemic circuit • O2-rich blood delivers O2 and nutrients to body and becomes deoxygenated
2. Blood vessels • Both circuits both consist of the same vessel types: • Arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart and veins RETURN it back vs OXYGENATED DEOXYGENATED
3. The Heart • The heart has 3 purposes: • Pump blood • Keep O2-rich and O2-poor blood separated • Keep blood flowing in 1 direction
3. The Heart • The heart has a right and left side • Right = receives O2-poor blood from body, pumps it to lungs • Left = receives O2-rich blood from lungs, pumps it to body • On both sides, blood arrives in the
3. The Heart • The heart has a right and left side • Right = receives O2-poor blood from body, pumps it to lungs • Left = receives O2-rich blood from lungs, pumps it to body • On both sides, blood arrives in an atrium before being passed to a ventricle which forcefully pumps it out Right side Left side
3. The Heart • To achieve 1 complete ‘pump’ the heart must contract twice • once to fill the ventricles • once to empty the ventricles • Each beat moves ~70mL of blood (~5L pumped/minute) This is why a heartbeat is “thump thump”
Blood pressure • Circulatory health can be assessed by measuring blood pressure Blood pressure – the force of blood pressing against the walls of arteries This is called a sphygmomanometer This is called a stethoscope
Blood pressure • It is a measure of two pressures (eg. 120/80): • Systolic pressure – pressure when ventricles contract (highest) • Diastolic pressure– pressure when ventricles relax (lowest)
Homeostasis • A steady blood pressure ensures blood is pumping and delivering nutrients to the body • This negative feedback loop maintains a healthy blood pressure
Group task • Groups of 4 • Consider how the respiratory system works with (the 10) other systems to maintain homeostasis
Try these... • Define the following circulatory illnesses and describe their symptoms and treatment • Arrhythmia • Leukemia • Stroke • Atherosclerosis • Explain how each of these medical technologies works • Pacemaker • Transfusion • Balloon angioplasty • Bypass surgery
