Chapter 3 Exploration and Colonization

1. Chapter 3 Exploration and Colonization Section 4 Building the Jamestown Colony

2. Objectives • Identify challenges faced by the first English colonies. • Describe how Virginia began a tradition of representative government. • Name the groups of people who made up the new arrivals in VA after 1619

3. I. The First English Colony A. Sir Walter Raleigh B. 1585 Roanoke off North Carolina, failed C. 1587 John White returns with new group D. White goes to England, gone 3 years E. Colony vanished F. Word “CROATOAN” carved in tree G Fate of “Lost Colony” a mystery

5. II. Challenge and Survival in Jamestown A. 20 years passed before England tried again B. Charter- legal document giving certain rights to a person or company C. 1606 Virginia Company received a charter from King James giving then the right to settle lands between present day North Carolina and the Potomac River

6. D. Members of colony would have same rights as English citizens E. A Disastrous Start 1. Jamestown located in a swampy area 2. Colony near failure by 1608 due to disease and arguments F. Starvation and Recovery

7. 1. Not planting enough crops, searching for gold 2. John Smith set up stern rules that force colonists to work to eat 3. Powhatan, most powerful chief, agreed to supply corn to help 4. Colonists used force to take food when Indians refused

8. 5. John Rolfe married Pocahontas 6. Jamestown suffered terribly G. A Profitable Crop 1. 1612 colonists began to grow tobacco 2. 1620, England importing 30,000 pounds year

9. III. Representative Government A. Governors sent by VA company ran colony as military outpost B. Reforms of 1619 1. Steps to attract more settlers 2. New governor had orders to consult settlers on all important matters 3. Male settlers allowed to elect burgesses – representatives to the government

10. 4. House of Burgesses – assembly of governor and his council a. Made laws for the colony b. 1619 c. Marked the beginning of representative government in the English colonies d. Representative government – voters elect representative to make laws for them

11. C. English Traditions 1. Idea that people had political rights deeply rooted 2. 1215 Magna Carta – King could not raise taxes without first consulting the nobles and church leaders 3. Rights won by nobles extended to others 4. Parliament – representative assembly divided into House of Lords and House of Commons

12. D. Virginia’s Representative Tradition 1. At first had even greater rights than English citizens 2. 1670 right to vote restricted to free, white, male property owners 3. Colonists refer to 1619 form of government as “Great Charter”

13. IV. New Arrivals A. Women in VA 1. First woman 1608 2. 1619, VA sent 100 women to help settle a. Women quickly found husbands b. VA company charged 150 pounds of tobacco for each woman 3. Stronger than men but had to make everything from scratch 4. 1624 still only 300 women

14. B. The First Africans 1. Dutch brought 20 in 1619 2. Needed the agricultural workers 3. Some Africans became free and owned their own farms 4. In late 1600s, VA set up a system of laws allowing for Africans to be enslaved for life