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Chapter 5: Manifest Destiny

Chapter 5: Manifest Destiny. - United States wanted to expand their territory westward. - Signed an agreement with Mexico which allowed Americans to move into Mexico if they promised to become Mexican citizens and worship the Roman-Catholic Church (did not believe in slavery)

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Chapter 5: Manifest Destiny

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  1. Chapter 5: Manifest Destiny - United States wanted to expand their territory westward. - Signed an agreement with Mexico which allowed Americans to move into Mexico if they promised to become Mexican citizens and worship the Roman-Catholic Church (did not believe in slavery) - Texans elected Sam Houston as their first President and Houston wanted the US to annex Texas. - Adding Texas as a slave state...but had to promise the North states the Oregon territory. - Presidential election - James Polk promised to help Texas get away from Spain and Oregon to get away from Britain - Polk became president and compromised with Britain to receive half of Oregon (couldn't afford two wars)

  2. The Mexican-American War - Congress voted to annex Texas in December 1845 (slave state) - Mexicans refused to recognize the annexation because the territory tripled the size of original Texas and claimed parts of Mexicans. - Mexican patrol clashed with American soldiers, 11 Mexican patrolmen were killed - The war had begun... - United States advantages: - larger - richer - more people - larger and better navy - advanced artillery - West Point military academy (trained officers) - Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman (US Civil War later) - Mexico City is captured by the US in September 1847 by defeating six boys (ages 13 - 19 who are now honored and known as Los Ninos Heroes or the Child Heroes)

  3. Blog Time! Answer the following questions in paragraph form. What is the idea of Manifest Destiny? Do you think the United States was correct in pursuing their Manifest Destiny? Was the Mexican-American War fair? Why or Why not?

  4. The Union in Crisis - Republican party was established in 1854 on the principles of opposing slavery. - Election of 1856 - James Buchanan (D) won because he promised to get rid of the slavery issue. - Dred Scott (1857) vs Missouri - Scott was a slave and sued for his freedom. - Lost the case because he was a slave and not considered a person (property) - Because of this decision, the North stated it was a southern conspiracy and the North should secede from the Union. - Lincoln-Douglas Debates (Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas) - opposing views of slavery. - Honest Abe (Abraham Lincoln) - Opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act - The Little Giant (Stephen Douglas) - Supported anything dealing with slavery - Although Douglas won the election (barely), Lincoln established a strong support system for his next election. - John Brown (Abolitionist) - believed he was angel of God - Set out to seize the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry - Hoped to inspire slaves to join revolution that would destroy slavery in the South - He was captured by local residents and executed

  5. The Union in Crisis cont'd - Election of 1860 - Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln and the Democrats were split (North - Stephen Douglas and South - John Beckinridge) - Republicans wanted to end slavery. - Lincoln won the election but did not receive one single southern vote - After Lincoln's election was won - the Southern states left the Union. - The south wanted to protect their way of life - Upset that a president could be elected without their input - Lincoln was against slavery - Confederate States of America were formed in 1861 (seven states who left the union) - Confederate constitution like US Constitution except it protected slavery - Lincoln took office and said no state can leave the union but he would avoid war...unless the South started it! - The Confederate states seized arsenals and federal forts - Fort Sumter (Charleston, South Carolina) - Lincoln tried to send food, no supplies - Confederacy fired on the fort - Lincoln asked for 75K volunteers to fight against the Confederacy - The Confederacy also raised troops.

  6. Blog Time!!! **You do not have to copy the questions, make sure you write in complete sentences** Why was the Dred Scott versus Missouri court case so important? What happened? Why was the South upset about Lincoln becoming President? What caused the Civil War?

  7. The Civil War Advantages of the Union Advantages of the Confederacy - Population (22 million) (South had 9 million) - Better prepared because of industrialization - Coal and Iron come from Union mines - Mechanized factories could make ammunition, arms, medical supplies, and uniforms - Larger railroad network for moving troops and material. - Small navy (south had not navy) Union blocked trade to South - Established government and leader - Fighting for survival - Robert E. Lee (Virginia) turned down the Union offer but took command of the Confederate army. - Familiar ground -

  8. Confederate and Union Strategies - Confederacy sought help from Britain and France (European textile depended on Southern cotton) - Union creates the Anaconda Plan 1. Block southern ports to starve the South of income and supplies 2. Union forces would go south along the Mississippi River - Lincoln made a speech that he only wanted to save the Union (did not address the issue of slavery) - Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware and Maryland had not joined the Confederacy. Early Battles of the Civil War -Bull Run - Stonewall Jackson refused to give up even though the Union was winning. - Battle of Shiloh - 25K soldiers were killed (from North and South) - Captured New Orleans -The Monitor versus the Virginia (navy ships) - Union ship (Monitor) clashed with the Confederate ship (Virginia) - Neither side won - but this was the end of the wooden ship - McClellan fails at Richmond for the Union. - Second Battle of Bull Run - the Confederacy smashed the Union. - Battle of Antietam - bloodiest day of the Civil War, the Union had won this battle

  9. - After the victory at Antietam, President Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation (freed all enslaved people in the rebellious states only) - The northerners now believe the Civil War is about slavery and freeing the slaves. - Militia Act - allowed black soldiers to fight in the war - 180,000 African-American slaves had fought in the Civil War - Confederacy considered drafting slaves but southerners decided against it. - Slaves in the south found ways to help Union soldiers - Helping Union soldiers with food and clothes (sometimes shelter) - Served as spies - Union instituted a conscription (draft) - Any white man 20-45 could be called for military service - $300 for a replacement - South struggles to pay for the war

  10. Blog Time!!! You must write in complete sentences and use proper grammar and spelling. Why do you think President Lincoln waited to announce the Emancipation Proclamation? Explain some of the advantages and disadvantages of both the Union and Confederacy during the war. (Make sure you EXPLAIN why they are advantages or disadvantages). Do not retype the notes, I want to make sure you KNOW why these are important to the Union or Confederacy.

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