570 likes | 676 Views
Circulatory System. Consists of. Heart Blood Vessels Blood. Function. Transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells Transports carbon dioxide and metabolic waste away from the cells. Heart. Define Muscular, hollow organ Size of a clenched fist
E N D
Consists of • Heart • Blood Vessels • Blood
Function • Transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells • Transports carbon dioxide and metabolic waste away from the cells
Heart • Define • Muscular, hollow organ • Size of a clenched fist • Located in the center of the chest, under the sternum, tipped slightly to the left • Apex is the bottom of the heart
Layers of the Heart • Endocardium • Epithelial tissue • Lines heart • Myocardium • Middle layer • Cardiac muscle tissue • Pericardium • Epithelial tissue • Covers outside of heart
Septum Wall that divides the heart into left and right
Heart Chambers • Atria (atrium) 1. Right 3. Left • Ventricle 2. Right 4. Left
Heart Valves • Tricuspid • Separates the right atrium from the right ventricle • Has 3 flaps • Mitral • Separates the left atria and the left ventricle • Has 2 flaps
Pulmonary valve • Separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery • Aortic valve • Separates the left ventricle from the aorta
Cardiac Cycle • Right and left atriums contract and work together • Right and left ventricles contract and work together • Systole – period of ventricular contraction • Diastole – brief period of rest
Blood Pressure 120/70 • Diastolic • Bottom number • Heart relaxes as it passively fills with blood • Systolic • Top number • Highest pressure in vessels when the ventricles contract
Pattern of Circulation • Superior and inferior vena cava • Right atrium • Tricuspid valve • Right ventricle • Pulmonary valve • Pulmonary artery • Lungs • Pulmonary veins • Left atrium • Mitral valve • Left ventricle • Aortic valve • Aorta • Arteries • Arteriole • Capillaries • Venules • Veins • Superior and inferior vena cava
Electrical Conductive Pathway • Function • Electrical impulses in the heart cause the contraction of the muscles • A group of nerve cells that send out an electrical impulse which spreads out over the heart • SA Node • Sinoatrial node • Located in the right atrium • AV Node • Atrioventricular node • Located in the septum between the atriums and the ventricles
Bundle of HIS • Nerve cells in the septum • Right and Left Bundle Branches • Divides off Bundle of HIS • Purkinje Fibers • A network of nerve fibers throughout the ventricles
EKG - Electrocardiogram • Record of the movement of the electrical impulse as it travels through the heart
Arrhythmias • Abnormal or irregular heart rhythms
Defibrillators • When the heart is in atrial or ventricular fibrillation, the heart must be shocked with an electrical current to stop the uncoordinated contraction and allow the SA node to regain control
Pacemakers • A small battery powered device with electrodes that monitors the hearts activity and delivers an electrical impulse to stimulate contraction • Fixed and demand • Avoid electromagnetic forces like microwaves and cellular phones
Blood Vessels • Arteries • Carry blood away from the heart • Largest is the aorta • Smaller arteries called arterioles • After the blood leaves the left ventricle the first branch off the aorta is the coronary arteries • Walls are more muscular and elastic
Veins Carry blood back to the heart Largest veins – superior and inferior vena cava Veins are thinner and have less muscle tissue
Valves Veins contain valves to prevent the backward flow of blood
Blood • Called a tissue because it contains many types of cells • 4-6 quarts in the average adult • Composed of plasma and formed elements called blood cells • Plasma is 90% water with dissolved elements in it
Functions • Carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs • Nutrients from the digestive tract to cells • Metabolic waste from the cells to organs of excretion • Carries heat produced by the body • Carries hormones to body organs
Blood Types • O, A, B, AB • Rh factor positive or negative Universal Donor O+ Universal Recipient AB+
Blood Types • Out of 100 people, about: • 38 will be O + • 7 will be O - • 34 will be A + • 6 will be A - • 8 will be B + • 2 will be B - • 4 will be AB + • 1 will be AB - • Who Can Receive Whose Red Blood Cells: • O - can only use O - • O + can use O + or O - • A - can use A - or O - • A + can use A +, A -, O + or O - • B - can use B - or O - • B + can use B +, B -, O + or O - • AB - can use AB -, A -, B - or O - • AB + can use All Blood Types
Blood Cells • Erythrocytes - Red Blood Cells RBC • Function to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide • Live for 120 days • Shaped like a doughnut • Contains hemoglobin – a blood protein • Amount of hemoglobin gives blood its red color • Carries the O2 and CO2
Leukocytes • White blood cells - WBC • Function – fight infection • Live 3-9 days • Fight infection by phagocytes • 5 types of leukocytes
Thrombocytes • Thrombocytes • Platelets • Cell fragments • Formed in the bone marrow • Function • Clotting • Thrombus is a stationary clot • Embolus is a moving clot • Live • 5 to 9 days
Diseases • Anemia • Too little RBS’s or hemoglobin or both • Many types Sickle Cell Anemia Aplastic anemia Pernicious anemia Iron deficiency anemia
Sickle Cell Anemia • Chronic inherited anemia • Occurs almost exclusively in African Americans • Cells are abnormally shaped like a sickle • Crisis occur when they block the vessels and severe pain results
Aneurysm • A ballooning out or weakness of an artery wall • Usually asymptomatic • May rupture and hemorrhage and death results • Repair is possible if diagnosed early
Arteriosclerosis • Hardening of the arteries • Results in the loss of elasticity and contractility • Results of aging • Causes hypertension
Atherosclerosis • Deposits of plaque on artery wall • If plaque breaks loose circulates as an emboli and
Surgical Repair • CABG • Coronary artery bypass graft • A vein from the leg or chest is used to go around or “bypass” the blockage
Stent • Insertion of an expandable coil that • Keeps the vessel open • Some are medicated