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The Spread of Hellenistic Culture. Chapter 5 section 5. Key Terms. Hellenistic Alexandria Euclid Archimedes Colossus of Rhodes. Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria. Hellenistic- blending of cultures from Greece, Egyptian, Persian and Indian Influences
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The Spread of Hellenistic Culture
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Presentation Transcript
Key Terms
- Hellenistic
- Alexandria
- Euclid
- Archimedes
- Colossus of Rhodes
Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria
- Hellenistic- blending of cultures from Greece, Egyptian, Persian and Indian Influences
- Koine- means common was a dialect of Greek
- Used to communicate in cities throughout the Hellenistic world
Trade and Cultural Diversity
- Alexandria (Egypt) center of commerce
- Strategic edge of Nile Delta
- Trade ships from all over the Mediterranean docked there
- Third century B.C became an international community and a population of one million
Alexandria’s Attractions
- Broad avenues with statues of Greek gods
- Royal palaces
- Alexander’s glass coffin
- 350 feet above then harbor was a lighthouse
- Famous museum and library
- First true research library
Astronomy
- Small observatory
- Aristarchus
- Estimated sun 300 times larger than earth
- Disproved that the sun was smaller than Greece
- Ptolemy placed earth in the center of the solar system
- This view accepted for the next 14 centuries
Astronomy
- Eratosthenes
- Correctly computer earth’s circumference
- 28,000-29,000 mile
- Actual today 24,860
- Also a poet and historian
Mathematics and Physics
- Euclid-compile a geometry text
- Book Elements contained 465 geometry propositions and proofs
- Still the basis for geometry
Mathematics and Physics
- Archimedes
- Estimated the value of pi
- Explained the law of the lever
- Archimedes screw- raised water from the ground
- Compound pulley to lift heavy objects
Stoicism and Epicureanism
- Zeno founded Stoicism
- People should lead virtuous lives
- in harmony with natural laws
- and the will of the gods
- Desire for wealth and power were dangerous
- Social unity
- Focus on what they can control
Stoicism and Epicureanism
- Epicurus- founded Epicureanism
- Gods ruled the universe
- Only real objects were those the five senses perceived
- Greatest good and pleasure came from virtuous conduct and absence of pain
- Moderation in all things
Realism in Sculpture
- Rulers , wealthy merchants and cities purchased sculptures
- Portray people in everyday situations
- Colossus of Rhodes-bronze statue 100 feet high
- Nike (winged warrior) 203 BC made for naval victory
Realism in Sculpture
- Hellenistic moved to more natural works
- Carved ordinary people like a wrinkly old peasant woman
- 150 BC Hellenistic world in decline
