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Understanding Climographs: The Role of Ocean Currents in Climate and Weather

This lesson explores the concepts of climate and weather, highlighting the importance of ocean surface currents. Climate is defined as the long-term average of atmospheric conditions, while weather reflects specific atmospheric states at a given time. Ocean currents, driven mainly by wind, exhibit circular patterns and play a crucial role in transporting warm water from the tropics to the poles. These currents significantly influence coastal weather, bringing mild and rainy conditions with warm currents like the Gulf Stream, or dry climates with cold currents, as seen in the Atacama Desert.

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Understanding Climographs: The Role of Ocean Currents in Climate and Weather

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  1. Adopt-A-Drifter Program Lesson 2: Climographs Ocean Surface Currents and Climate

  2. What is climate? • The long-term average of conditions in the atmosphere, ocean, ice sheets, and sea ice described by statistics, such as means and extremes.

  3. What is weather? • The specific conditions of the atmosphere at a particular place and time, measured in terms of variables that include temperature, precipitation, cloudiness, humidity, air pressure, and wind.

  4. What are ocean surface currents? • The surface currents of the world’s ocean are driven mainly by wind and move in circular patterns following the major wind belts of the globe. (photo credit: Rick Lumpkin, www.adp.noaa.gov)

  5. How do ocean currents circulate water around the earth? • In general, currents carry warm water from the tropics toward the poles and bring cold water back toward the equator. (photo credit: www.geomorphology.org.uk/weather)

  6. How do currents affect the surrounding air? • A surface current warms or cools the air above it, influencing the climate of the land near the coast.

  7. Warm Water Currents • Winds pick up moisture as they blow across warm water currents. This often brings mild, rainy weather to the coastal regions. (photo credit: Amanda Laurier)

  8. Warm Water Currents • Example: The Gulf Stream (photo credit: www.geomorphology.org.uk)

  9. Warm Water Currents • The Gulf Stream brings relatively warmer temperatures to western Ireland and Great Britain, resulting in a subtropical climate with mild winters. Logan Botanic Garden, Scotland (photo credit: Archie Miles)

  10. Cold Water Currents • Cold water currents cool the air above them and since cold air has less of an ability to take up moisture than warm air, these currents tend to bring cool, dry weather to adjacent land areas. • Fog is often found along the land-sea borders where cold ocean currents exist.

  11. Cold Water Currents • Example: Atacama Desert, Chile, South America Cold ocean currents keep clouds and fog just off the coast, making it one of the driest places on earth. (photo credit: Mary Cook)

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