“Blackbody Radiation”

1. “Blackbody Radiation” Despite what textbooks say, energy is NOT quantized in BB Rad. Action is quantized [every photon has action 2(ħ/2)]. Energy is ħ, and all values of  occur at various intensities Planck never accepted quantized light. He insisted that light was a disturbance on a stationary medium, and quantization occurred only at the points of emission and absorption by his imagined “resonators” (now known to be scattered free electrons). In 1913, in a speech nominating Einstein to the Prussian Academy Planck said that “in his hypothesis on light quanta, he may have gone overboard in his speculations. This should not be held against him too much, for without occasional risk or venture no genuine innovation can be accomplished even in the exact sciences.”