Stretch and Stress

1. Stretch and Stress Session 2: Strategies to improve English Pronunciation By Ruth Wickham, Training Fellow, IPGKDRI

2. Speak clearly to be understood Incorrect stress can cause misunderstanding just as much as incorrect sounds.

3. Stress and Unstress What does STRESS sound like? Louder Longer Higher

4. What does UNSTRESS sound like? ure ar o e a or er i u doctor teacher collar measure /ə/ garden circus zebra fossil lion

5. Secret Weapon for Practising Stress! OK let’s learn!

6. Words with 2 syllables

7. Stress on the 1st syllable: BUTter SANDwich MOST 2-syllable nounsandadjectives have stress on the first syllable.

8. Stress on the LAST Syllable diVIDE reCEIVE MOST 2-syllable verbs have stress on the LAST syllable.

9. Word Stress that Changes Some 2 syllable words change stress depending on whether they are used as an adjective or a noun, or a verb.

10. compound present export decrease object transport address frequent conduct combat protest insult content desert permit perfect These are called heteronyms

11. Rules for Longer Words: Stress is attracted to certain syllables: The stress falls on the syllable just before ... -ic -tion -sion -cion -xion

12. So where is the stress? calculation decision reactionsolutiondistribution operation relation association

13. So where is the stress? calculation decision reactionsolutiondistribution operation relation association

14. What is the pattern here? economic terrific strategic logic pathogenic domestic metabolic statistic

15. What is the pattern here? economic terrific strategiclogic pathogenic domestic metabolic statistic

16. Where is the stress? biology biological policy political geography geographical universitymanagerial photography photographical society sociological technology technological electricity electrical

17. Where is the stress? biology biological policy political geography geographical universitymanagerial photography photographical society sociological technology technological electricity electrical Rule for the left column?

18. What do they have in common? And where is the stress? biology policy geography university photography society technology electricity

19. “3rd Last” Rule: For words that end in consonant + y -cy -gy -fy -ty -phy * not -ly Stress falls on the third last syllable.

20. More examples quality choreography democracy archaeology atrophy equality clarify allergy

21. Another “3rd Last” Rule: In words that end in -ise / -ize -ate stress falls on the 3rd last syllable.

22. Some –ise / ize examples: accessorise acclimatise advertise globalise agonise anesthetise anodise antagonise apologise brutalise computerise idolise dehumanise mobilise legalise magnetise organise dramatise emphasise energise epitomise fantasise fertilise finalise

23. Some –ate examples generate certificate passionate graduate advocate separate appropriate estimate associate concentrate illustrate participate immediate corporate chocolate negotiate communicate accommodate advocate anticipate delegate Some of these are heteronyms

24. SecondaryStress Long words have a second stressed syllable, with weaker stress.

25. Secondary Stress Example as-SOC-i-A-tion Primary stress Secondary stress

26. Revision: • 2 syllable nouns/adjectives: stress penultimate syllable (2nd last). (many exceptions) • 2 syllable verbs: stress ultimate (last) syllable. (most) • Stress before –ic • Stress before –tion (-sion, -cion, -xion) • Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (3rd last) for words that end in: • consonant plus y, (not –ly) • -ise (/-ize), • -ate

27. That wasn’t so hard now, was it?

28. Contact Ruth Wickham: ruth.wickham@gmail.com Website: http://ktf2012.weebly.com