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Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista. Characteristics of Protists mostly unicellular, some are multicellular (algae) can be heterotrophic or autotrophic most live in water (though some live in moist soil or even the human body) ALL are eukaryotic (have a nucleus)

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Kingdom Protista

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  1. Kingdom Protista Characteristics of Protists mostly unicellular, some are multicellular (algae) can be heterotrophic or autotrophic most live in water (though some live in moist soil or even the human body) ALL are eukaryotic (have a nucleus) A protist is any organism that is not a plant, animal or fungus Means- the very first

  2. AnimallikeProtists-Protozoans • Four Phyla of AnimallikeProtistsClassified by how they move • Zooflagellates - flagella • Sarcodines - extensions of cytoplasm (pseudopodia) • Ciliates - cilia • Sporozoans - do not move

  3. Phylum Zoomastagina or Zooflagellatesmove using one or two flagellaabsorb food across membrane • Leishmania

  4. Giardiasis • Protist: GiardiaTransmission: Drinking contaminated water (usually outdoor streams and other untreated water)Symptoms: Severe diarrhea and vomitting, the protist takes up residence in the digestive tract.

  5. Giardialamblia

  6. Trichomonas • Trichomonasvaginalis, an anaerobic, parasiticflagellatedprotozoan • It is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, and is the most common pathogenic protozoan infection of humans in industrialized countries. • The WHO has estimated that 180 million cases of infection are acquired annually worldwide. The estimates for North America alone are between 5 and 8 million new infections each year, with an estimated rate of asymptomatic cases as high as 50%. • Treatment with antibiotics.

  7. Trichomonas

  8. Phylum Sarcodina or Sarcodines • Ameba • moves using pseudopodia ( "false feet" ), which are like extensions of the cytoplasm --ameboid movementingests food by surrounding and engulfing food (endocytosis), creating a food vacuole**reproducing by binary fission (mitosis)**contractile vacuole - removes excess water**Can cause amebic dysentery in humans - diarrhea and stomach upset from drinking contaminated water**Other sarcodines: Foraminferans, Heliozoans

  9. Amoeba are sarcodines

  10. Ciliophora- ciliates • Example- Paramecium • move using cilia-has two nuclei: macronucleus, micronucleus-food is gathered through the :mouth pore, moved into a gullet, forms a food vacuole-anal pore is used for removing waste-contractile vacuole removes excess water-exhibits avoidance behavior-reproduces asexually (binary fission) or sexually (conjugation)-outer membrane -pellicle- is rigid and • -paramecia are always the same shape, like a shoe

  11. Paramecium- a ciliate

  12. Phylum Sporozoa- Sporozoans • Sporozoans • do not move on their ownparasitic=Malaria is a sporozoan, infects the liver and blood

  13. Vector - an organism that can carry a parasite, and is responsible for infecting other organisms (host) with that parasite. Vectors themselves are not harmful, but in the battle against human disease, controlling the vector can control the transmission of parasites. The anopheles mosquito is the vector for malaria.

  14. Malaria • Protist: PlasmodiumVector: Anopholes Mosquito • Statistics: • According to the World Health Organization, 300-500 million cases of malaria occur each year • Malaria results in 1.5-2.7 million deaths per year (much more than AIDS) • Most cases occur in Africa and South America • Symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting and other flu-like symptoms • The protist lives inside the bloodstream, eventually clogging capillaries and destroying blood cells, which will lead to death if not treated

  15. Infected RBCs

  16. Stages of Malaria • Sporozoite- stage inside the mosquito. Spores are injected when the mosquito bites. The spores then travel to the liver. • Merozoite- the Plasmodium lives in the liver and multiplies. It leaves the liver and enters the blood.

  17. More stages 3. Gametocyte- sexual reproductive stage in the mosquito only.

  18. African Sleeping Sickness (or Trypanosomiasis) Trypanosoma

  19. Questions for Thought 1. Does the United States have a responsibility toward treating and containing parasitic infections found in other parts of the world? 2. Why is controlling the vector important to control the disease? 3. One of the best ways to prevent many parasitic infections is to have a source of clean water. Why do you think many third world countries have more incidence of parasitic infection that other countries?

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