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Construction Components: Foundation and Frame

Learn about the important components of the construction process, including the foundation (footings, walls) and frame (sill plates, joists, studs, headers, rafters). Explore different types of foundations and frames used in house construction.

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Construction Components: Foundation and Frame

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  1. Objective 6.02 part 1:Recognize components of construction

  2. The Foundation 1. Anchor bolts 2. Sill sealer 4. Sill plate 5. Foundation wall 6. Footing 3. Rebar

  3. 1. Anchor bolts 2. Sill sealer 4. Sill plate 5. Foundation wall

  4. The FOUNDATION of a House • The underlying base of the house • Consists of footings and foundation walls • Footings are usually concrete and reinforced with rebar.

  5. Concrete Footings

  6. Footers

  7. Basement • Best on land with a steep grade • Makes getting to the mechanics of the house easy • Safest place in house in case of a storm.

  8. Basement

  9. Finished Basement

  10. Crawl Space • Best for land with small grade • Can be used for storage • Makes pipes and wiring under the house easy to get to.

  11. Crawl Space

  12. Slab • Most economical if land is “on grade” (almost flat) • There is no space under the house like in a basement or crawlspace.

  13. Slab

  14. The Frame 1. Double top plate 2. Stud 8. Header 3. Header 4. Window opening 9. Door opening 10. Header joist 5. Rim Joist 14. Sole Plate 15. Sub floor 11. Sill plate 6. Floor Joist 12. Sill sealer 7. Girder 13. Foundation

  15. The FRAME of a House • The skeleton (bones) of the house • Built on top of the foundation walls.

  16. Sill Plates: The first piece of lumber, bolted to the foundation, and supports the outside walls.

  17. Joist: horizontal support for the flooring

  18. Girder: Horizontal board that supports the load of the floor joists

  19. Subflooring: Plywood sheets nailed directly to the floor joist • Squeaky floors are usually a sign of problems with the subflooring.

  20. Wall Frame • Built on top of the floor frame • Made from vertical 2x4’s or 2x6’s called STUDS and horizontal pieces called PLATES.

  21. Headers: beams that carry the load of the structure over doors and windows.

  22. 3. Ridge Board 4. Rafter 5. Ceiling Joist 1. Double top plate 2. Studs

  23. Roof Frame • Made of a series of beams, called RAFTERS • RAFTERS support the weight of the roof and go from the exterior walls to the ridge.

  24. TRUSS RAFTERS: triangular framework for the roof; assembled at a factory and delivered to the site.

  25. Truss delivery

  26. Truss installation

  27. How to Build a House in 7 1/2 Minutes

  28. Footings Foundations Wall Frames Roof Frames

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