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World War 1

World War 1. 7-4.1 Funderburk. World War I. Underlying causes of World War I. We will trace the causes and key events in World War I including the human costs of the war, United States entry into the conflict, outbreak of the Russian Revolution. Outbreak of Fighting.

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World War 1

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  1. World War 1 7-4.1 Funderburk

  2. World War I Underlying causes of World War I • We will trace the causes and key events in World War I • including the human costs of the war, • United States entry into the conflict, • outbreak of the Russian Revolution

  3. Outbreak of Fighting • What was the “spark,” or immediate cause, that ignited the war? • This spark came from a gun of a Serbia nationalist • He shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie. • Serbians who wanted to win independence for Bosnia, hated being ruled by Austria-Hungary and hated Ferdinand heir to the empire’s throne. • Leaders in Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the shooting and in 1914 Bosnia declared war on Serbia.

  4. Militarism Militarism: fascination with military power and the glory of war MAIN (Militarism, Secret Alliances, Imperialism and Nationalism The driving force was nationalism Ethnic and ideological differences led to conflict within the empires Nationalism spurred economic and political rivalries among states This led to complex system of military alliances.

  5. Alliances Alliances: agreements between countries to help each other during wartime Alliances pulled many countries into the war WWI alliances: • Triple Entente • England • France • Russia (until 1917) • Triple Alliance • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Italy

  6. Entangling Alliances • Russia began to mobilize which showed that Russia planned to defend Serbia. • To show its support for Austrian-Hungary, Germany quickly declared war on Russia. • These events activated two prewar alliances

  7. Imperialism • When one country controls the government and economy of another country. Another form of competition between nations in Europe. • Nations were rushing to take over lands in Africa, Asia and Oceania.

  8. Imperialism Imperialism: building empires by expanding territory and gaining colonies Competition for colonies led to intense rivalries among the European powers Ex. Germany and Italy wanted to create empires that would compete with those of Great Britain and France

  9. Nationalism Desire of people with the same history, language, and customs for self-rule Industrialism Economic system in which people rely more on the use of machinery and technology than on animal or human power. Nationalism and Industrialism fueled global expansion.

  10. Nationalism Nationalism: strong feelings of pride and unity among a particular group of people Worsened rivalries between European powers Led nations to seek to create empires or break away from them Led to ethnic and ideological differences between nations Trouble in the Balkans (multi-ethnic region of Southeastern Europe) Serbia wanted to take control of Bosnia Austria-Hungary took over Bosnia Archduke Franz Ferdinand (the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary) was assassinated by a Serbian terrorist Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

  11. Reasons Industrial Nations wanted new colonies • They needed markets to sell goods pouring out of their factories. • They needed cheap raw materials to make manufactured goods so they could keep the factories running.

  12. How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to the high death toll in war? Industrial Revolution made it possible to mass-produce weapons of war and to develop more dangerous ones. Modern Weapons of War Airplanes Submarines Machine guns Long-range artillery Poison gases Gas masks Tanks Flamethrowers A New Kind of War

  13. 3 Main Fronts in War • Western Front • Trench warfare took place on Western Front • Fighting between French and British Against the Germans • Eastern Front • Fighting between Germans and Russians • Italian Front • Italy fought against Germany and Austro-Hungarian troops

  14. The United States and WWI At the beginning of the war: America declared neutrality (didn’t take sides) Reasons for U.S. entry into the war: Economic relationships with the Allies The U.S. had been selling many products and loaning a lot of money to the Allies and (privately) wanted them to win the war Unrestricted submarine warfare To prevent supplies from getting to the Allies, German U-boats sunk boats without warning Sinking of the Lusitania – 128 Americans killed! The Zimmermann Telegram A note from the German government asking Mexico to attack the U.S. was intercepted and published in newspapers Effects of U.S. entry into WWI: Arrival of fresh US troops helped the Allies win war

  15. Entry of the United States • How did Germans actions push the US to join the war on the side of the Allies? • The Germans used U-boats to sink ships near British waters without warning. • Some attacks killed Americans. • Others sank American merchant ships. • Germany tried to partner with Mexico in case the US entered the war. • German leaders promised to help Mexico regain its “lost land” in the American Southwest.

  16. Revolution in Russia Russia—the Allied Power on the war’s Eastern Front—found itself in deep trouble. WWI created a crisis for Russian monarchy. Many peasants and workers were already living on the edge of starvation when war broke out. The weak Russian leader, Czar Nicolas II, did little to ease the suffering. 1917 workers revolted, soldiers were ordered to stop the rebellion, they refused and joined the crowd of rebels. A new government was formed, but this did not solve Russia’s problems. Workers and peasants formed soviets, or committees, to represent their interests. Rise of Bolsheviks Many soviets were socialists who believed that workers should overthrow the government so people could share equally in the nation wealth. The most radical of the socialist groups were the Bolsheviks. They thought a small group could achieve the goal of overthrowing the government through the use of force. Lenin became the outspoken leader if the Bolsheviks. Russia

  17. Timeline of WWI

  18. 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary) is assassinated by a Serbian terrorist Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia Russia prepares to help Serbia Germany declares war on Russia France declares war on Germany Germany invades Belgium and France Great Britain declares war onGermany America declares neutrality

  19. 1915 - 1916 Italy joins Allies Central Powers win many battles 1917 Russian Revolution Russia withdraws from the war The United States enters the war, turning the tide for the Allies

  20. The Russian Revolution (1917) Before the Revolution: Most Russians were poor and many were starving Russia was exhausted by WWI The Revolution: Czar Nicholas II (the last emperor of Russia) was forced by the Russian people to give up his throne He wanted to keep fighting in WWI He ignored the peasants and city workers Civil War The Bolsheviks (Communists), led by Vladimir Lenin, defeated their enemies and took control of Russia Russia withdrew from WWI Russia was transformed into a communist nation and was renamed the Soviet Union (a.k.a. the U.S.S.R.)

  21. 1918 Woodrow Wilson (President of the United States) delivers “14-Points” speech Germany agrees to stop fighting WWI ends 1919 The Treaty of Versailles is written

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