Introduct ı on to Cl I n ı cal Psychology: Sc ı ence , Pract ı ce and Eth ı cs Research methods

1. Introductıon toClInıcal Psychology:Scıence, Practıce and EthıcsResearch methods Assist. Prof. Merve Topcu Department of Psychology, Çankaya University 2016-2017, Fall

2. Research in Clinical Psychology • Generating resarch hypothesis • Ethics • Determine research design options

3. Research in Clinical Psychology • Generating resarch hypothesis • Previous literature • Operational definition • Conceptualizing relationship btw variables

4. Research in Clinical Psychology • Ethical issues • Türk Psikologlar Derneği Etik Yönetmeliği • Çankaya Üniversitesi bilimsel araştırma ve yayınlar etik kurulu yönergesi

5. Research in Clinical Psychology • Ethical issues • Institutional approval • Informed consent for research • Informed consent for recording • Client/patient, student, & subordinate research participants • Dispensing w/ informed consent • Offering inducements for research participants • Deception in research • Debriefing • Humane care & use of animals in research • Reporting research results • Plagiarism • Publication credit • Duplicate publication of date • Sharing research data for verification • Oblication on reviewers

6. Research in Clinical Psychology • Determine research design options • Internal validity • the extent to which the interpretations drawn from the results of astudy can be justified and alternative interpretations can be reasonably ruled out • Threats to validity • History • Maturation • Testing • Instrumentation • Statistical regression • Selection bias • Attrition • External validity • Generalizibility of the results

7. Research designs • Case study • Correlational studies • Degree of r/ship btw two variables • No causal r/ship • Correlation • Mediation • Moderation • Prevention • Intervention • Experimental desings • Meta-analysis

8. Participants selection & assignment • Sampling • Optimize the fit betweencharacteristics of the population to which the results will be generalized • The type of sample that should be recruited • The number of participants required for the study • Statistical power

9. Measurement options • Self-report measures • Informant-report measures • Rater evaluations • Performance measures • Projective measures • Observation of behavior • Psychophisiological measures • Archiaval data

10. Psychometric properties of the measures • Reliability • Internal Consistency • The degree to which elements of the measure (such as items on a test) are homogeneous. • Test-Retest Reliability • The stability over time of scores on a measure. • Interrater Reliability • The consistency of scores on a measure across different raters or observers

11. Psychometric properties of the measures • Validity • Content Validity: The extent to which the measure fully and accurately represents all elements of the domain of the construct being assessed. • Face Validity: The extent to which the measure overtly appears to be measuring the construct of interest. • Criterion Validity: The association of a measure with some criterion of central relevance to the construct, such asdifferentiating between groups of research participants. • Concurrent Validity: The association of a measure with other relevant data measured at the same point in time. • Predictive Validity: The association of a measure with other relevant data measured at some future point in time. • Convergent Validity: The association between a measure and either other measures of the same construct or conceptually related constructs. • Discriminant Validity: The association between measures that, conceptually, shouldnot be related. • Incremental Validity: The extent to which a measure adds to the prediction of a criterion beyond what can be predicted with other measurement data.

12. Significance • Statistical vs clinical significance • the outcome of a study andthe degree to which a research hypothesis was supported • evaluating the degree to which the intervention has had a meaningful impact on thefunctioning of the treated participants

13. Fin..