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Fossil Record

6.1 Fossils and Evolution. Fossil Record. Definition: The fossil record is all the known fossils and their placements in the formation of rocks and positions in time. Information: The fossil record is evidence of the evolution of plants and animals, and their extinction.

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Fossil Record

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  1. 6.1 Fossils and Evolution Fossil Record • Definition: The fossil record is all the known fossils and their placements in the formation of rocks and positions in time. • Information: The fossil record is evidence of the evolution of plants and animals, and their extinction.

  2. 6.1 Fossils and Evolution Fossil record (cont.) • Why are there gaps in the fossil record? • Decay before fossilization • Geological process destroy fossils • They are undiscovered How can fossil and rock data determine when an organism lived?

  3. 6.2 Biological Evidence Homologous Structures • DEFINITION: Parts of organisms that are similar in origin and structure are called homologous structures. • INFORMATION: • Are the result of evolution • Can indicate how closely two or more species share common ancestors

  4. Homologous Structures • EXAMPLES: At some point in our pasts, humans, frogs, bats, birds, and cats all shared a common ancestor, because the bones in the upper limbs are homologous.

  5. 6.2 Biological Evidence Homologous Structures (cont.) The bones in the upper limbs of these animals are homologous structures.

  6. 6.2 Biological Evidence Analogous Structures • DEFINTION: Analogous structures appear similar, but have different ancestral origins. • INFORMATION: Result from similar environmental conditions that produced similar natural selection outcomes • EXAMPLE: The wings of birds and insects.

  7. 6.2 Biological Evidence Vestigial Structures • DEFINTION: structures that have no function in their present-day form. • INFORMATION: Scientists hypothesize that the structures once functioned in an ancestor.

  8. Vestigial Structures • EXAMPLES: • Pelvic bones in whales • Wings in ostriches • Pelvic spurs in boas and phythons • Eyes in cavefish • Tail bones in humans

  9. 6.2 Biological Evidence Embryology • DEFINTION: The science of the development of embryos from fertilization to birth is embryology. • INFORMATION: The more closely related species are, the more features they share during development. • EXAMPLES: Fish, reptiles, birds, and human embryos

  10. 6.3 Evolution and Plate Tectonics Geographic Isolation • Definition: Geographic isolation occurs when populations of species are separated by a physical barrier. • Information: Leads to closely related species that appear different. • Examples: • Salamanders in California and Oregon • Squirrels in the Grand Canyon

  11. 6.3 Evolution and Plate Tectonics Convergent Evolution • Definition: Convergent evolution results in structural and functional similarities. • Information: Sometimes distant locations with similar environmental conditions have species with similar traits that evolved independently. • Examples: Catci and Euphorbia

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