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Understanding Atoms: Structure, Isotopes, and Calculations

Explore the fundamentals of atomic structure, including the roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Discover how atoms are characterized by their nucleus, held together by nuclear forces. Learn to identify unique atomic properties using atomic numbers and mass. Delve into isotopes, their notation, and practice problems on calculating protons, electrons, and neutrons in various elements. Enhance your understanding of key concepts such as atomic mass, nuclear notation, and how these components interact within different elements.

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Understanding Atoms: Structure, Isotopes, and Calculations

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  1. Has a nucleus Subatomic Parts: proton, neutron, electron Electrons outside Protons & neutrons inside the nucleus The Atom

  2. The Nucleus • Held together tightly by nuclear forces • Very tiny • Most of the atom is space where electrons can be found (electron cloud)

  3. What makes an atom unique? • The number of protons!! • The amount of protons in an atom will never change. • Atomic number= Number of protons • Proton = positive Electron = negative Neutron = neutral

  4. Number of Protons, Electrons, Neutrons Atomic Number • Atomic number -Number of protons -Number of electrons • Atomic mass= -Protons and neutrons atomic mass – atomic number = Number of neutrons 6 C Carbon 12.011 Atomic Mass

  5. Practice Problems Calculate the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons: H= He= Li= Be= B= P E N

  6. Practice Problems Calculate the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons: C= N= O= F= Ne= P E N

  7. Isotope= an atom of an element that has a different mass -same protons and electrons, but different neutrons Despite these differences, isotopes are chemically alike because they have identical numbers of protons and electrons.

  8. Hyphen Notation Mass written after the name of the element Hydrogen-1, Hydrogen-2, Hydrogen-3 Name Mass

  9. Nuclear Notation • Uranium-235 • Oxygen-16 Atomic mass Atomic number

  10. Practice Problems • Calculate the number of P,E,N of Sodium-25? • Write the nuclear notation for sodium-25.

  11. Practice Problems • How many electrons, protons, and neutrons are there in Chlorine-37? • How many electrons, protons, and neutrons are there in Bromine- 80? • Write the nuclear symbol for carbon-12? • Write the hyphen notation for an element that contains 15 electrons and 15 neutrons?

  12. More Practice Nuclear symbol= Mass on top and atomic number on bottom

  13. More Practice • Write the nuclear symbol for Au with 118 neutrons. • How many neutrons does Lead-207 have? • How many electrons are there in an atom with atomic number 13 and mass number 27? • What is the mass number of an atom with 29 electrons, 29 protons, 35 neutrons?

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