1. Europe Encounters America

2. Vikings Arrive in America • Leif Ericsson & The Vikings • What – Group of Scandinavian explorers that are believed to have explored North America before Columbus • When – 1000 A.D. • Where – Vinland (Newfoundland) • Significance – 1st Europeans to “discover” America

3. Vikings Arrive in America • Vikings traveled south in longboats looking to raid villages • Unable to establish successful colonies b/c there was little interest • Natives also imposed • 1st Euro-American born • Snorro Karlsefni

4. Viking Journeys

5. Viking Longboat

6. Viking Longboat

7. Spain Sends Columbus West • Educated men knew the world was round • Couldn’t agree on size • Most believed in Ptolemy’s theory • 180 degree land/180 degree water • Columbus disagreed • Thinks it will take only a couple of weeks • Greatly miscalculates distance

8. The World (as they saw it)

9. Spain Sends Columbus West • He tries to get backing from Portugal, France, and England • Finally gets acceptance from Isabelle and Ferdinand of Spain • Wanted wealth, empire, and Catholic converts

10. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain • Competition with Portugal for route to ASIA! • Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria • Landed in the Caribbean in the Bahamas on San Salvador Island • Called people Indians • (Not the brightest crayon in the box haha!)

11. The First Voyage • Columbus Voyage • What – Columbus sails in the Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria to find western route to Indies • When – 1492-93 • Significance – Leads way to further exploration and future colonization of Americas

12. The First Voyage • After two months (8/2 – 10/12) lands in Bahamas at San Salvador • Encounters Arawak • Notices gold, easy to conquer and enslave

14. Replica of Santa Maria

15. Columbus Reaches Land

16. III. The First Voyage • Sails to Cuba, Hispaniola • December – Santa Maria runs aground • Makes into fort – La Navidad • 39 men left behind • Rape and pillage natives • Natives kill in middle of night • *Beginning of what is to come? • 3/1493 – Columbus sails back

17. First Voyage

18. First Voyage

19. IV. Other Voyages • Four journeys total • Finds enough loose gold to mine • Makes Indians slaves • 1496 – Brother creates Santo Domingo • 1st Spanish capital in New World

20. All Four Voyages

22. Isabella • Many colonists were Spanish nobles and they refused to plant crops or do manual labor • Had been misled and returned to Spain • Columbus explored and found enough gold to make the trip worthwhile • Enslaved local people to make them mine gold and plant crops

23. Line of Demarcation- imaginary north to south line running down the middle of the Atlantic. • The “Treaty of Tordesillas” created the line to prevent war between Spain and Portugal-who had claim to the Atlantic trade route • Spain- control west of line • Portugal- control east of line • Amerigo Vespucci- realized this was not Asia (so did Columbus) • named America for “Amerigo the discoverer”

24. Continuing Spanish Explorations • Juan Ponce de Leon- looked for fountain of youth and named Florida • Vasco de Balboa- stowed away in a ship to escape his creditors. He was the first European to reach the Pacific Coast. • Ferdinand Magellan- died but his crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe • Columbian Exchange- European arrival in the Americas that set in motion a series of complex interactions btw people and the environment

26. Columbus Reading