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Clinical Evaluations Methods: Observation and Checklists

Clinical Evaluations Methods: Observation and Checklists. By Joan Graff, BSN, RN. Objectives. Define the evaluation methods of observation and checklists Discuss the critique tool measures and the evaluation methods of observation and checklists

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Clinical Evaluations Methods: Observation and Checklists

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  1. Clinical Evaluations Methods: Observation and Checklists By Joan Graff, BSN, RN

  2. Objectives • Define the evaluation methods of observation and checklists • Discuss the critique tool measures and the evaluation methods of observation and checklists • Compare and contrast the evaluations methods of observation and checklists

  3. Definition-Observation • ob·ser·va·tion  (bzr-vshn) n.1. a. The act or faculty of observing. b. The fact of being observed. • 2. a. The act of noting and recording something, such as a phenomenon, with instruments. b. The result or record of such notation: a meteorological observation. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/observation

  4. Introduction • Observation is used for the clinical evaluation of students • Main strategy • Used in multiple settings • Multiple groups of students Gaberson, K.B. and Oermann, M. H. , 2010, Clinical teaching strategies in nursing, (3rd ed.), New York: Springer Publishing Company.

  5. Introduction continued • Observation-no interaction/interruptions during observation • Interview-discussion between student and faculty • Recording-notes by faculty or video/audio for later review Gaberson, K.B. and Oermann, M. H. , 2010, Clinical teaching strategies in nursing, (3rd ed.), New York: Springer Publishing Company

  6. Clinical Reasoning, Knowledge level, Communication skills, Attitude • Requires a knowledge of subject • Requires ability to clinically reason through the process • Requires knowledge of types of communication, both verbal and nonverbal

  7. Formative and/or summative • Can be used for both • Need to delineate which type of evaluation is being Gaberson, K.B. and Oermann, M. H. , 2010, Clinical teaching strategies in nursing, (3rd ed.), New York: Springer Publishing Company

  8. Validity and reliability • Are dependent on multiple factors • Tool used in the evaluation • Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability • Faculty perceptions and bias Henrickson Parker, S. E., Laviana, A. A., Wadhera, R. K., Wiegmann, D. A., and Sundt, III, T. M., (2009), Development and evaluation of an observational tool for assessing surgical flow disruptions and their impact on surgical performance, World Journal of Surgery, 34: 353-361, Dunn, M. J., Rodriquez, E. M., Miller, K. S. Gerherdt, C. A., Vannatta, K. Saylor, M., Scheule, C. M., and Compas, B. E., (2011), Direct observation of mother-child communication in pediatric cancer: Assessment of verbal and non-verbal behavior and emotion, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 36(5), 565-575.

  9. Feasibility/Practicality/Efficiency/Acceptability • Mother-Child communication in pediatric cancer • Iowa family Interaction Rating Scale (IFIRS)-designed to assess verbal and non-verbal behavior • Video taped interactions Dunn, M. J., Rodriquez, E. M., Miller, K. S. Gerherdt, C. A., Vannatta, K. Saylor, M., Scheule, C. M., and Compas, B. E., (2011), Direct observation of mother-child communication in pediatric cancer: Assessment of verbal and non-verbal behavior and emotion, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 36(5), 565-575.

  10. Definition-Checklist • check·list  (chklst) n. A list of items to be noted, checked, or remembered. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/checklist

  11. Introduction • Checklist • Listing of specific behaviors or activities • Specialized for the evaluation to be conducted • Step by step • Used in conjunction with other evaluation methods Gaberson, K.B. and Oermann, M. H. , 2010, Clinical teaching strategies in nursing, (3rd ed.), New York: Springer Publishing Company

  12. Clinical Reasoning, Knowledge level, Communication skill, Attitude • Pre operative checklist • Opportunity to identify and solve problems • Did not add to knowledge base • Promotes communication • Attitude of promotion of patient safety Nilsson, L., Lindberget, O., Gupta, A. and Vegfors, M., (2010), Implementing a pre-operative checklist to increase patient safety: A 1-year follow-up of personnel attitudes, ACTA Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 54, 176-182.

  13. Educational Effect • Prompts need for education • Ridiculed by more experienced and knowledgeable staff Nilsson, L., Lindberget, O., Gupta, A. and Vegfors, M., (2010), Implementing a pre-operative checklist to increase patient safety: A 1-year follow-up of personnel attitudes, ACTA Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 54, 176-182. Thomassen, O., Brattebo, G., Heltne, J.K., Softeland, E., and Espeland, A., (2010), Checklists in the operating room: Help or hurdle?, BMC Health Services Research, 10: 342, retrieved: 10/31/11, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/10/342

  14. Acceptability/Generalizability • Pre operative checklist • Intubation checklist • Generalized to another area?

  15. Conclusion-Observational method • Frequently used in nursing and medicine • Requires a notation tool • Does require clinical reasoning skills, a knowledge of the subject • Used for both formative/summative • Depending on tool can have validity, reliability, feasibility, and acceptability

  16. Conclusion-Checklist • A listing of specific behaviors or activities • Used as a tool with other methods • Has clinical reasoning (problem solving aspects) • Prompts communication and education • Most find it useful

  17. Conclusion • Observational method • Checklists • Used together or apart • Observational method with parametric based tool enjoys validity/reliability/feasibility/acceptability • Checklists as an evaluation tool?

  18. references • http://www.thefreedictionary.com/checklist • http://www.thefreedictionary.com/observation • Dunn, M. J., Rodriquez, E. M., Miller, K. S. Gerherdt, C. A., Vannatta, K. Saylor, M., Scheule, C. M., and Compas, B. E., (2011), Direct observation of mother-child communication in pediatric cancer: Assessment of verbal and non-verbal behavior and emotion, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 36(5), 565-575. • Gaberson, K.B. and Oermann, M. H. , 2010, Clinical teaching strategies in nursing, (3rd ed.), New York: Springer Publishing Company. • Henrickson Parker, S. E., Laviana, A. A., Wadhera, R. K., Wiegmann, D. A., and Sundt, III, T. M., (2009), Development and evaluation of an observational tool for assessing surgical flow disruptions and their impact on surgical performance, World Journal of Surgery, 34, 353-361.

  19. References continued • Nilsson, L., Lindberget, O., Gupta, A. and Vegfors, M., (2010), Implementing a pre-operative checklist to increase patient safety: A 1-year follow-up of personnel attitudes, ACTA Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 54, 176-182. • Palese, A., Sartor, A., Costaperaria, G., and Bresadola, V., (2009), Interruptions during nurses’ drug round in surgical wards: Observational study, Journal of Nursing Management, 17, 185-192. • Thomassen, O., Brattebo, G., Heltne, J.K., Softeland, E., and Espeland, A., (2010), Checklists in the operating room: Help or hurdle?, BMC Health Services Research, 10: 342, retrieved: 10/31/11, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/10/342

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