1 / 39

Overview of Research Methods

Overview of Research Methods. Research Methods. Historical (Qualitative and Quantitative) Philosophical (Qualitative and Quantitative) Descriptive (Qualitative and Quantitative) Experimental(Quantitative). Research Methods.

adolph
Download Presentation

Overview of Research Methods

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Overview of Research Methods

  2. Research Methods • Historical (Qualitative and Quantitative) • Philosophical (Qualitative and Quantitative) • Descriptive (Qualitative and Quantitative) • Experimental(Quantitative)

  3. Research Methods • Research methods provide systematic approaches for the plan, conduct, and evaluation of research.

  4. Process of Research • Ask a question; pose a problem • Review the literature • Meta-analysis • Systematic Review of Literature • Plan hypotheses • Conduct the research • Conduct the analysis; planned and systematic • Quantitative • Qualitative • Consider the results • Reliability • Validity (Internal and External) • Draw Conclusions

  5. Planning the Research • Write down your ideas • How are ideas, questions, or problems generated? • Scholarship • Understanding • Grasp • Utilization • Criticism • Develop models; alternative ways to represent your information • Feedback • Comparison • New

  6. Information about a broad topic area Discovering and uncovering information and literature available on a topic Information and literature to support ideas on narrow strand

  7. Determine limitations and issues related to generalizability of your study results • Limitations • Delimitations • Definitions

  8. Historical Methods

  9. Historical Research Defined • Examination of what occurred in the past • Historians explain change over time

  10. Clear Question/problem • Formulate a question/problem • Collect source materials • Criticize source materials • Formulate hypotheses to explain events or conditions • Draw conclusions

  11. Process of Historical Research • Collect facts • Select facts • Verify facts • Classify facts

  12. Examples of Sport History Journals • Journal of Sport History • International Journal of Sport History • Canadian Journal of Sport History

  13. Context • Good forms of historical research place the idea in context • Integrate time, places, people, and events

  14. Primary Sources • Eye witness • Autobiography • Letters • First hand knowledge Get lots of views!!!

  15. Secondary Sources • Books • Newspapers • Second hand reporting • Textbooks

  16. Official Records • Federal • State • Local • Church/Synagogue/Mosque/Temple • Professional Organizations

  17. Personal Records • Diaries • Autobiographies • Letters • Wills • Deeds • Contracts

  18. Oral Tradition • Myths • Folklore • Dances • Games

  19. Pictures • Photos • CDs • Microfilm • Microfiche

  20. Published • Newspapers • Pamphlets • Brochures • Magazines • Books

  21. Mechanical Records • Tapes • Records • CDs • On-line source materials

  22. External Criticism • Authenticity • Is the article really written when it was supposed to be written? • Is the article really written by whom it was supposed to be written?

  23. Internal Criticism • Accuracy of the record • Record of agreement among the sources

  24. Historical Research • Descriptive • lists names and dates • analyses of who, what, where • Analytic or interpretive • analyzes how and why • Draw conclusions

  25. Modern Trends • Quantitative and qualitative approaches • Oral history • Video history • Electronic sources

  26. Ordering the Document • Chronologically • By subject matter • A combination of chronology and subject

  27. Problems Encountered in Historical Research • Overuse of secondary source materials • Not enough internal criticism • Poor weaving together of thoughts • Lack of context, need to ground information in an historical context • Personal bias • Poor writing style • Insufficiently thought out methodology • Poor record keeping

  28. Historians Use a Different Way of Searching for the Truth • Must love to read • Must love to work alone • Must like detective work • Must be able to stick to it • Must love to write

  29. Historians Investigate • Individuals • Institutions • Organizations • Laws • Curricula • Administrative structures • Textbooks • Programs

  30. Examples of Historical Research in Kinesiology • Study of intramural programs • Development of women’s athletics • Play patterns of a specific culture

  31. Examples • Heracles at Olympia and the Exclusion of Women in the Ancient Olympic Games (Mouratidis) • An Outline of the History of Women and Western Sport in Japan (Seiwa) • Transgressions and Transcendence: Surpassing Disciplinary Boundaries (Wughalter)

  32. Philosophical Methods

  33. Philosophical Research Defined • Philosophical research examines phenomena by using the processes of induction and deduction and then logically determining their implications. • In philosophical research an investigator presents a case for a particular perspective or develops a concept, theory, or position by using the methods of induction and deduction.

  34. Induction • Inductive reasoning is based upon empirical observations (data) where science moves in the direction from data to theory.

  35. Deduction • Uses the syllogism (based 2 statements and 1 conclusion) • All men are mammals. • All mammals are mortal. • All men are mortal. • - All men are mortal. • - All women are immortal.

  36. All men are mammals. • All mammals are mortal. • All men are mortal. • OR • If A=B, and B=C, • Then A=C B A C

  37. In a syllogism the two statements are used to deduce (to make inference) the conclusion.

  38. Ideas for Philosophical Research • Should physical education programs be adopted on an everyday basis in public school physical education? • What are the purposes of adapted physical education? • Should the IOC conduct DNA tests to determine athletes’ sex? • Should athletes be able to genetically engineer their bodies for sport? • Should professional baseball players be role models for young athletes? • Should we allow special suits to be worn for swimming?

  39. Examples of Philosophical Research • The Philosophical Conflicts in Men’s and Women’s Athletics (J. Hult) • Sport, Sex Roles and Sex Identity (M. Ann Hall) • Women in Sport: The Synthesis Begins (C. Oglesby) • Knowledge and Kinesiology (S. Estes) • I Hit a Home Run!” The Lived Meaning of Scoring in Games in Physical Education (N. P. Wessinger)

More Related