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Test Review

Test Review . Chapter 6 (ALL). KEY. 1. Which of the following properties of a compound depends on the type of bonding between the atoms . Melting point Brittleness Boiling point Conductivity All of the above.

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Test Review

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  1. Test Review Chapter 6 (ALL)

  2. KEY

  3. 1. Which of the following properties of a compound depends on the type of bonding between the atoms • Melting point • Brittleness • Boiling point • Conductivity • All of the above

  4. 2. Which compound is a poor conductor of heat and electricity and has a high melting point? • CO2 • MgO • N2O • H2O • OF2 Must be an IONIC compound, so choose a compound made of a metal and a nonmetal!

  5. 3. The P-Cl bond in phosphorus trichloride is: • ionic • polar covalent • Non-polar covalent EN of P = 2.19 and EN of Cl = 3.16 3.16 − 2.19 x 100 = 31% ionic characteristic 3.16

  6. 4. The electronegativity (EN) value of an element is a measure of the atom’s: • Degree of stability • Number of valence electrons • Ability to attract electrons • Degree of conductivity • Ability to attract protons

  7. 5. Which formula represents an ionic compound? • KCl • NO2 • HCl • CH4 • XeF2 Choose a compound made of a metal and a nonmetal!

  8. 6. To form an ion, a sodium atom must ___. • gain 1 e− • gain 2 e− • lose 7 e− • lose 1 e− • lose 2 e− Sodium has only 1 valence electron, so it LOSES 1 valence electron.

  9. 7. The octet rule indicates that • all of the noble gases have 8 total electrons • all of the shells in an atom hold a maximum of 8 electrons • all of the Group A elements have 8 valence electrons • atoms lose, gain, or share valence electrons to have 8 valence electrons • the noble gases react with other compounds to get 8 valence electrons

  10. 8. What is the symbol for an ion with 19 protons and 18 electrons? 19 protons = potassium (K) If K has only 18 electrons it has LOST one – so it now has a +1 charge • F+ • F- • Ar+ • K- • K+

  11. 9. An ioniccompound ___. • has a net positive charge • has a net negative charge • contains only cations • contains only anions • has a net charge of zero

  12. 10. In a molecule with covalent bonding • oppositely charged ions are held together by strong electrical attractions • atoms of metals form bonds to atoms of nonmetals • atoms of different metals form bonds • atoms are held together by sharing electrons • atoms of noble gases are held together by attractions between oppositely charged ions

  13. 11. A group of covalently bonded atoms that has an overall electrical charge is called a(n) ___. • ionic compound • anion • polyatomic ion • cation • molecule

  14. 12. In a covalently bonded molecule, the number of electrons that an atom chares with others is usually equal to the number of electrons ___. • in the atom • in its nucleus • in all the atoms • in its ion • needed to have noble gas arrangement

  15. 13. How many valence electrons does carbon have? • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 Carbon is in Group 14 (IUPAC) and so has 4 valence electrons

  16. 14. An atom of sulfur has ___ pairs and ___ unpaired valence electrons. • 1, 2 • 2, 2 • 2, 1 • 3, 2 • 2, 3

  17. 15. An ionic bond is the result of ___. • a large difference in EN between the bonded atoms • a small difference in EN between the bonded atoms • no difference in EN between the bonded atoms • two nonmetals bonding • two metals bonding

  18. 16. Which of the following substances would most likely have the highest melting point? • CO • SO3 • H2 • Na2O • NO2 Ionic compounds have high melting points, so choose the ionic compound = the one made of a metal and a nonmetal!

  19. 17. Which of the following substances has a moleculeas its smallest unit? • NaCl • CH4 • Mg(OH)2 • CuO • All of the above. Molecules are made of 2 or more NONMETALs, so choose the one with ONLY nonmetals!

  20. 18. Which of the following elements can be an exception to the octet rule? • germanium • oxygen • boron • carbon • chlorine Boron can be stable with LESS than 8 valence electrons. (So can, H, He, Li, Mg, Be, and Al)

  21. 19. Unequal sharing of electrons results in: NOT A. b/c nonpolar covalent = equal • nonpolar covalent bonds • ionic bonds • polar covalent bonds • no bonds being formed • compounds with VERY high bp NOT B. b/c ionic = NO sharing NOT D. b/c no bond = NO sharing! NOT E. b/c High bp = ionic = NO sharing

  22. 20. If the following generic atom were to ionize, what would be the most likely result? • X+ 6 • X-6 • X+ 2 • X- 2 • probably would NOT ionize!

  23. 21. If compound “A” has a higher melting point than compound “B”, which compound is most likely the ionic compound? • A • B • neither Ionic compounds have HIGH MELTING POINTS!

  24. 22. Which of the following best describes covalent compound? • they conduct electricity in their gas or liquid phase • they are ordered into crystal lattice structures in their solid states • they have very low melting points • they bond to make formula units • they are held together by electrostatic attraction

  25. 23. Because one atom usually attracts the electrons more strongly than the other atom: • nonpolar covalent bonds are rare • Polar covalent bonds are rare • ionic bonds are rare • most substances are nonpolar covalent • very few substances are ionic

  26. 24. The % ionic characteristic of a bond is very large when the difference in EN is: • small • large • negligible • zero • EN plays no part in the % ionic character of a bond

  27. 25. The least whole number ratio of cations to anions refers to the chemical formula for ___ compounds. • molecular • ionic • covalent • polar covalent • nonpolar covalent

  28. 26. In the diagrams below, represents an atom of sulfur and represents an atom of oxygen. Which diagram best represents the compound sulfur (IV) oxide? • A • B • C • D • none of these S+4 and O-2 = S2O4 = SO2

  29. 27. Which of the following is a binary compound? • NaOH • H2O • H2 • Na • sodium iodite Binary compounds must have only 2 types of elements! It does not matter if the compound is ionic or covalent.

  30. 28. Which element forms more than one binary compound with chlorine? • Zn • Fe • Li • Ca • Mg Only a VARIABLE CHARGE cation can form more than one compound with the same anion! Everything here is FIXED CHARGE except the iron

  31. 29. Which kind of compound generally results when nonmetal atoms chemically combine with metal atoms? • molecular • covalent • nonpolar covalent • polar covalent • ionic

  32. 30. Which EN value is closest to that of an alkali metal? Alkali metals are in Group 1 The further to the left on the periodic table the LOWER the EN of the element! Only Grou 18 elements have EN values of 0 • 0 • 1.0 • 2.0 • 3.0 • 4.0

  33. 31. The greatest degree of ionic character would be found between sulfur and ___. Choose the 2 elements with the greatest difference in En values…. S = 2.58 O = 3.44 P = 2.19 Cl = 3.16 Br = 2.96 • oxygen • phosphorus • chlorine • another sulfur • bromine

  34. 32. Which of the following elements will most likely form an ion with a -1 charge? Chlorine (Cl) has 7 valence electrons and so it will GAIN 1 electron • Mg • Na • Cl • S • Ne

  35. 33. Which of the following contains an ionic bond? = b/c it contains a metal and a nonmetal • PO43- • SF3 • MgCl2 • Cl2 • none of the above = IS an ion, but contains covalent bonds B. and D. = contain ONLY covalent bonds

  36. 34. How many chloride ions are needed to balance the positive charge of a barium ion? • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • cannot tell without knowing more Ba has 2 valence electrons so it will make a +2 cation Cl has 7 valence electrons so it will make a -1 anion Ba2+ and Cl-1 = BaCl2

  37. 35. How many covalent bonds would the following atom form? • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • will not form covalent bonds! This element has 6 valence electrons; 2 = s-electrons 4 = p-electrons It is, therefore, a p-block element and WILL form covalent bonds with other nonmetals It has 2 unpaired electrons, so it is likely to make 2 covalent bonds.

  38. 36. How many nonbonding pairs of electrons are in the following molecule? H – H • 6 pairs • 8 pairs • 1 pair • 0 pairs • none of the above Each H atom has only 1 valence electron – they share these with each other to form 1 covalent bond made of two shared electrons

  39. 37. The bonding in NH3 is most similar to the bonding in NH3 is a covalent compound (we know b/c it is made only of nonmetals) – therefore, it is most like other covalent compounds. • KF • H2O • NaCl • MgO • none of the above The only other covalent compound listed is water.

  40. 38. Which compound contains both covalent bonds and ionic bonds? • N2O5 (g) • HCl (g) • NaCl (s) • NaNO3(s) • none of the above The only substances which can contain both covalent and ionic bonds are those that contain polyatomic ions…… …… NO3- is the polyatomic ion nitrate

  41. 39. The substance CuSO4• 5H2O is heated until all of the water is gone. The left over salt, CuSO4 , is said tobe___. • dry • anhydrous • bereft • hydrated • dehydrated

  42. 40. The substance CuSO4• 5H2O is heated until all of the water is gone. The water is called ___. • salt water • chemical water • compound water • water of hydration • hydrated water

  43. 41. What is the correct formula for pentane? Penta = the Greek prefix for “5”, so it must have 5 carbons To determine the number of hydrogens, multiply the 5 x 2 and then add two to that answer 5 x 2 = 10 10 + 2 = 12 • CH5 • 5CH • C5H5 • C5H10 • C5H12

  44. 42. What is the correct name for C8H18? This compound has 8 carbon atoms – its name must contain the Greek prefix for “eight” = octa • propane • octane • hexane • octacarbon hydride • butane

  45. 43. Which of the following is a hydrocarbon? A hydrocarbon can ONLY contain the elements H and C NO OTHERS! • CO2 • HCN • CH3OH • CH4 • H2CO3

  46. 44. How many carbon atoms are there in the backbone of the following alkane? • 4 • 6 • 2 • 5 • 3 C C C C C C

  47. 45. A student compiled the following list of properties for two unknown substances. Which of the substances listed below is most likely to be Substance “A”? • CO2 • NaCl • MgO • KF • CaOH Substance “A” must be covalent and only CO2 is a covalent substance

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