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The energy deposition profile for 238U ions with energies 500 and 950 MeV/u in iron and copper.

The energy deposition profile for 238U ions with energies 500 and 950 MeV/u in iron and copper. A.A.Golubev 1 , A.V.Kantsyrev 1 , V.E.Luckjashin 1 , A.D.Fertman 1 , 1 Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia; A.V.Kunin 2 , V.V.Vatulin 2 , Yu.V.Panova 2 ,

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The energy deposition profile for 238U ions with energies 500 and 950 MeV/u in iron and copper.

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  1. The energy deposition profile for 238U ions with energies 500 and 950 MeV/u in iron and copper. A.A.Golubev1, A.V.Kantsyrev1, V.E.Luckjashin1, A.D.Fertman1, 1 Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia; A.V.Kunin2, V.V.Vatulin2, Yu.V.Panova2, 2Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russia Research Institute of Experimental Physics (RFNC-VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia; E.Mustafin3, D.Schardt3, K.Weyrich3, I.Hofmann3, 3 Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Darmstadt, Germany; N.M.Sobolevsky4, L.N.Latysheva4. 4 Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS), Moscow, Russia.

  2. Introduction We present the results of precision measurement of the energy deposition profile of the U ions of energy E=500 and 950 MeV/u in copper and stainless steel targets performed in GSI. Comparison of the measured data with the dE/dx calculations using the ATIMA, SRIM and SHIELD codes is discussed. These data are important for the design of the SIS-100 and SIS-300 synchrotrons of the GSI FAIR Project, as well as in various fields of fundamental and applied science, in particular for studies of high density energy contribution in a matter produced by heavy ion beams.

  3. The ‘thick target’ method and its advantages: 1) it provides a direct measurement of the energy deposition function, rather than its reconstruction from the differential energy deposition measurements using thin foils; 2) it eliminates the ‘edge effects’ as compared to the ‘thin foil’ approach; 3) it takes into account the beam straggling and fragmentation, secondary particles etc.

  4. The target consists of two wedges, with precise control of the angle (50) and surfaces of optical quality. The gap between the two wedges is about ~100m. Manipulator consist of the linear motor actuator, the control unit and a PC with software. The axial resolution of the manipulator is about 50m. This allows to set the total thickness of the wedges with a precision of about 2 m.

  5. The oscilloscope is used to record the signal from the calorimeter. The time of growth of the signal amplitude (~3 s) is defined by the rate of dissipation of absorbed thermal energy in the volume of the foil. Then the temperature of the foil starts to decrease exponentially.The time constant of the calorimeter (of signal decreasing e times) is ~10 s. The sensitivityis 5mV/J. The calorimeter measures the change of temperature in a thin layer of material (Receiving platform) due to heating by the ion beam. Two thermo-elements transform the temperature increment to the electrical signal.The foil thickness is less than 1% of the total stopping range.The calorimeter is enclosed in a metal case, thermo-modules are fixed in a massive thermostat. The size of the device is Ø50x11mm,the aperture is Ø15 mm, The error of deposited energy measurement is 7%.

  6. Copper Stainless steel 500 MeV/u 950 MeV/u

  7. SHIELD 1 Cu cylinder Ion Beam SHIELD 2 Al 100 m Al 150 m Ti 30 m Al 100 m Al 250 m Cu Target Ion Beam Monitor Calorimeter foil Variable thickness

  8. Contribution to energy deposition from various generations of secondary particles and fragments in Copper target. Calculation with the SHIELD code.

  9. Conclusion • Precision measurements of the energy deposition by 238U ions of E=500 MeV/u and 950 MeV/u in Copper and Stainless steel were performed at the GSI SIS18 facility. • Detailed comparison of the measurement with calculations using the ATIMA, SRIM and SHIELD codes for the case of 950 MeV/u U-ions in Copper was performed. • On the plateau the energy deposition calculated with the SHIELD code underestimates the measured values of about 20-30% while the ATIMA code agrees with the measurement well. • The height of the Bragg curve in the peak from ATIMA and SHIELD coincides with the measurement within experimental accuracy. • The stop range calculated by ATIMA agrees with the measured range within 3%. The discrepancy of the range calculated with SHIELD is about 10% and with SRIM is about 15%. • Calculation of the stopping power for heavy ions in the SHIELD code according to Bethe-Bloch equation should be updated.

  10. Recentversionof theSHIELD code 1. Transport ofN, , K, N and arbitrary nuclei(A,Z) up to 1 TeV/u. 2. Extended targetas a combination of bodieslimited by second order.surfaces (CG-compatible) 3. Arbitrarychemical andisotopecomposition of materialsin the target zones. 4. Ionization loss, fluctuation of ionization lossandmultipleCoulomb scattering of charged hadrons and nuclear fragments. 5. 2- and3-particlemodesof meson decay. 6. Modeling ofhA- и AA-interactionsin exclusive approach (MSDM-generator). 5 7. Memorizingof each hadron cascade treeduring its simulationwithout loss of physical information. 8. Storing of sourcesof , e, e+ andof neutrons (En<14.5 MeV) during simulationof the hadron cascade.55 9. Neutron transport (En<14.5 MeV) on the basis ofthe28-groups ABBN neutron datalibrary. 10. Analog and weighted simulation modes, open architecture of the code

  11. Modelingof inelastichA- и AA-interactions (MSDM – Multi Stage Dynamical Model) • Fast, cascadestage of nuclear reaction: • DCM (Dubna Cascade Model ) [1] • Independent Quark-Gluon String Model (QGSM) [2,3] • Coalescence model [1] Pre-equilibrium emission of nucleons and lightest nuclei[4] • Equilibrium deexitation of residual nucleus: • Fermi break upof light nuclei[5] • Evaporation/Fission [5,6] • Multifragmentation of higly excited nuclei (SMM) [7] • V.D.Toneev, K.K.Gudima, Nucl. Phys. A400 (1983) 173c. • N.S.Amelin, К.К.Gudima, V.D.Toneev. Yad.Fiz.51 (1990) 1730 (in Russian). • N.S.Amelin, К.К.Gudima, S.Yu.Sivoklokov, V.D.Toneev. Yad.Fiz.52 (1990) 272 (in Russian). • K.K.Gudima, S.G.Mashnik, V.D. Toneev, Nucl. Phys. A401 (1983) 329. • A.S.Botvina, A.S.Iljinov, I.N.Mishustin et al., Nucl. Phys. A475 (1987) 663. • G.D.Adeev, A.S.Botvina, A.S.Iljinov et al. Preprint INR, 816/93, Moscow, 1993. • Botvina, A.S. Iljinov and I.N. Mishustin, Nucl.Phys. A507 (1990) 649. Cross sections ofNA-, A- and AA-interactions: V.S.Barashenkov, A.Polanski. Electronic Guide for Nuclear Cross Sections. JINR E2‑94‑417, Dubna, 1994. Cross sections of KA- иNA-interactions: B.S.Sychev et al. Report ISTC, Project 187, 1999.

  12. SHIELD-HIT (Heavy Ion Therapy): medical version of theSHIELD. 1.Fluctuations of energy loss and multiple Coulomb scatteringare taken into account. 2.Stopping power calculationdE/dx according to ICRU49 (1993). 3.Detailed energy grids for more precise interpolation of particle ranges and cross sections. Track length estimationof fluencesof all particles in all target zones. 5.Possibility to «switch off» variousphysics processes etc. Water target Ionbeam 2030 cm, step 1 mm

  13. Comparison with experiment

  14. Energy depositionintolead-uraniumassemblyunder irradiation by 1.5 GeV proton beam (The Project «Energy+Transmutation») Integral energy deposition (MeV/proton) Target – lead cylinder, size 8.87см50см, mass 35 кг Blanket – 30 rods 3.6см20.8см, NatU in aluminumenvelop 0.5 mm, mass 103 кг. Proton energy 1.5 ГэВ

  15. Differential neutron yieldfrom iron target (101020 см)underirradiation by 1 GeV/u238Uion beam

  16. SatelliteCoronas International Spase station (fullconfiguration) OSMir

  17. Comparison of caculated and measured neutron fluxesat OS Mir behind 20 g/cm2Aldepth at solar max. Proton and neutron fluxesin the “Spectr”module of OA MirunderGCR 1996 irradiation Neutron fluxes at Satellite“Coronas”, OS Mir (the “Cristall” module) andatAirlock of ISS underGCR 1996 irradiation.

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