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Spread of Chinese Civilization

Spread of Chinese Civilization. Vietnam Korea Japan. Spread of Chinese Civilization:. The Basics… Tribute System Buddhism Sinification. Korea. Middle Kingdom. Japan. Vietnam. Korea : Between China & Japan. Independent, but…. Korea filled with political rivalry

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Spread of Chinese Civilization

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  1. Spread of Chinese Civilization Vietnam Korea Japan

  2. Spread of Chinese Civilization: The Basics… Tribute System Buddhism Sinification

  3. Korea Middle Kingdom Japan Vietnam Korea: Between China & Japan

  4. Independent, but… • Korea filled with political rivalry • Koguryo, Paekae, Silla • Tang & Silla (668-918) • Koryo (918-1392) • Long lived in shadow of China • Han expansion • Buddhism • Settlers during Chinese weakness

  5. Civilization for the Few • Society & sinification dominated by elite • Everyone oriented to service aristocrats • Schooling • Administrative techniques • Exam system bureaucrats – Elite only • Flexibility of women replaced • Confucianism • Only Buddhism permeates masses

  6. Effects • Elite & legitimizing rule • Hangul • 1392-1910: Yi • Hermit Kingdom

  7. Korea Middle Kingdom Japan Vietnam Vietnam: b/t China & SE Asia

  8. Conquest & Sinification • Vassal in tribute system • Aware of China’s superiority • Han & Tang expansion results in full incorporation by China (111 BCE-939 CE) • Expected to assimilate “southern barbarians”

  9. Elite & the Masses • Vietnamese elite value some advantages of Sinification: • Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism • Political & military organization • But strong popular identity remains: • Language • Nuclear families • Freedom of women • Customs

  10. Effects • Political resistance remains • Cross-class, cross-gender • Vietnam expands southward • Cultural influence remains • Mandate of Heaven • True exam system • Buddhism

  11. Korea Middle Kingdom Japan Vietnam Japan: Selective Borrowing

  12. Imperial Age • 600-800 CE: Deliberate borrowing • Taika Reforms • Nara Period • Ultra-civilized Heian (Kyoto) Period

  13. Feudal Age • 857-1185: Transition • Attempts at centralization fail amidst powerful aristocrats (court & regional) • 1185-1600:Feudal Age of warfare • Daimyo/Bushi • Samurai • Bushido • Peasants • Merchants

  14. In the end… • Vietnam= most influenced by China • Korea= most content to be China’s shadow • Japan= most unique; parallels to western Europe

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