1. Waves break roughly parallel to the beach because of what process?

1. 1. Waves break roughly parallel to the beach because of what process? Reflection Breaking Refraction Flocculation

2. 1. Waves break roughly parallel to the beach because of what process? Reflection Breaking Refraction Flocculation

3. 2. Sand moves along the beach because of _____. • 1) longshore transport • 2) wind transport • 3) the beach slope • 4) submarine canyons

4. 2. Sand moves along the beach because of _____. • 1) longshore transport • 2) wind transport • 3) the beach slope • 4) submarine canyons

5. 3. Groins along a beach ____ . • 1) have no effect on its shape • 2) completely stop sand movement • 3) cause a build-up on the “upstream” side • 4) solve all beach erosion problems

6. 3. Groins along a beach ____ . • 1) have no effect on its shape • 2) completely stop sand movement • 3) cause a build-up on the “upstream” side • 4) solve all beach erosion problems

7. 5. Most beaches are more exposed in winter because ___. • 1) rivers bring more sand in winter • 2) winter waves are more powerful • 3) summer waves are more powerful • 4) wave refracation is stronger in the winter

8. 5. Most beaches are more exposed in winter because ___. • 1) rivers bring more sand in winter • 2) winter waves are more powerful • 3) summer waves are more powerful • 4) wave refracation is stronger in the winter

9. 6. Rip currents are dangerous because ____ . • 1) they move water offshore • 2) swimmers panic and swim against them • 3) they move sediments parallel to the beach at high speed • 4) they are turbid

10. 6. Rip currents are dangerous because ____ . • 1) they move water offshore • 2) swimmers panic and swim against them • 3) they move sediments parallel to the beach at high speed • 4) they are turbid

11. 7. Sea level relative to a particular location can change because ____ . • 1) polar ice caps are melting • 2) the land is subsiding • 3) seawater expands as it warms • 4) all of these

12. 7. Sea level relative to a particular location can change because ____ . • 1) polar ice caps are melting • 2) the land is subsiding • 3) seawater expands as it warms • 4) all of these

13. 1. The amount of energy that must be added to one gram of liquid water to raise its temperature by one degree Centigrade is called? • 1) latent heat • 2) a calorie • 3) heat of melting • 4) heat of formation

14. 1. The amount of energy that must be added to one gram of liquid water to raise its temperature by one degree Centigrade is called? • 1) latent heat • 2) a calorie • 3) heat of melting • 4) heat of formation

15. 2. Which of the following accounts for the unusual properties of water? • 1) its ability to form hydrogen bonds • 2) its ability to form covalent bonds • 3) its ability to form ionic bonds • 4) its higher than expected freezing temperature and boiling temperature

16. 2. Which of the following accounts for the unusual properties of water? • 1) its ability to form hydrogen bonds • 2) its ability to form covalent bonds • 3) its ability to form ionic bonds • 4) its higher than expected freezing temperature and boiling temperature

17. 3. Dissolved substances comprise about what % of seawater? • 1) 1 • 2) 3.5 • 3) 10 • 4) 35

18. 3. Dissolved substances comprise about what % of seawater? • 1) 1 • 2) 3.5 • 3) 10 • 4) 35

19. 4. A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure water at 0 degrees. What happens to the temperature of the mixture as heat is added? • 1) it immediately begins to rise slowly • 2) it remains constant until the ice melts; then it begins to rise • 3. it rises slowly until it reaches 32 degrees, then it remains constant as the ice melts • 4) the temperature pattern cannot be predicted

20. 4. A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure water at 0 degrees. What happens to the temperature of the mixture as heat is added? • 1) it immediately begins to rise slowly • 2) it remains constant until the ice melts; then it begins to rise • 3. it rises slowly until it reaches 32 degrees, then it remains constant as the ice melts • 4) the temperature pattern cannot be predicted

21. 5. Covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule because of? • 1) surface tension • 2) viscosity of water • 3) polarity of water molecules • 4) electron sharing

22. 5. Covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule because of? • 1) surface tension • 2) viscosity of water • 3) polarity of water molecules • 4) electron sharing

23. 6. The heat capacity of water is ________ most other liquids. • 1) higher than • 2) lower than • 3) about the same as

24. 6. The heat capacity of water is ________ most other liquids. • 1) higher than • 2) lower than • 3) about the same as

25. 7. Hydrogen bonding is largely responsible for. • 1) the high boiling point of water • 2) the lower density of ice as compared to liquid water • 3) the very high heat of evaporation of water • 4) all of these

26. 7. Hydrogen bonding is largely responsible for. • 1) the high boiling point of water • 2) the lower density of ice as compared to liquid water • 3) the very high heat of evaporation of water • 4) all of these

27. Which one of the following elements is not one of the ten most abundant elements in seawater? a. sodium b. magnesium c. bromine d. gold

28. Which one of the following elements is not one of the ten most abundant elements in seawater? a. sodium b. magnesium c. bromine d. gold

29. When water evaporates from the ocean, it _________. • A. warms the surface water and takes the salts with it • b. warms the surface water and leaves the salts behind • c. cools the surface water and takes the salts with it • d. cools the surface water and leaves the salts behind

30. When water evaporates from the ocean, it _________. • A. warms the surface water and takes the salts with it • b. warms the surface water and leaves the salts behind • c. cools the surface water and takes the salts with it • d. cools the surface water and leaves the salts behind

31. In freshwater lakes, the surface water stops sinking when it passes ____ o C. • A. 0 • b. 2 • c. 4 • d. 6

32. In freshwater lakes, the surface water stops sinking when it passes ____ o C. • A. 0 • b. 2 • c. 4 • d. 6

33. The heat of vaporization of pure liquid water is _____. • a. 540 calories/gm • b. 1 calorie/gm • c. 80 calories/gm • d. 0.5 calories/gm

34. The heat of vaporization of pure liquid water is _____. • a. 540 calories/gm • b. 1 calorie/gm • c. 80 calories/gm • d. 0.5 calories/gm

35. Which of these elements is a trace element? • a. sodium • b. magnesium • c. iron • d. aluminum

36. Which of these elements is a trace element? • a. sodium • b. magnesium • c. iron • d. aluminum

37. The temperature of the surface waters of the open ocean vary in what way over a 24 hour period? • a. not at all • b. more than 10 degrees Centrigrade • c. about 5 degrees Centigrade • d. about 1 degree Centigrade

38. The temperature of the surface waters of the open ocean vary in what way over a 24 hour period? • a. not at all • b. more than 10 degrees Centrigrade • c. about 5 degrees Centigrade • d. about 1 degree Centigrade

39. T/FThe process of photosynthesis uses up oxygen.

40. T/FThe process of photosynthesis uses up oxygen. F

41. The same major gases that are found in the atmosphere are also found in the oceans. Which of the following statements is true? • 1. the proportions of the major gases is the same in the oceans as in the atmosphere • 2. more oxygen and carbon dioxide are present in the oceans relative to nitrogen than in the atmosphere • 3. much more nitrogen is present in the oceans than in the atmosphere

42. The same major gases that are found in the atmosphere are also found in the oceans. Which of the following statements is true? • 1.the proportions of the major gases is the same in the oceans as in the atmosphere • 2. more oxygen and carbon dioxide are present in the oceans relative to nitrogen than in the atmosphere • 3.much more nitrogen is present in the oceans than in the atmosphere

43. Nutrients are ________. • 1.particulates necessary for plant growth • 2. dissolved substances necessary for plant growth • 3. in high concentrations in surface waters of the ocean • 4. sink to deeper water rather quickly

44. Nutrients are ________. • 1.particulates necessary for plant growth • 2. dissolved substances necessary for plant growth • 3. in high concentrations in surface waters of the ocean • 4. sink to deeper water rather quickly

45. The pH range in the ocean is roughly _____. • 1.5.4 - 6.3 • 2. 6.4 - 7.3 • 3. 7.4 - 8.4 • 4. 8.5 - 9.4

46. The pH range in the ocean is roughly _____. • 1.5.4 - 6.3 • 2. 6.4 - 7.3 • 3. 7.4 - 8.4 • 4.8.5 - 9.4

47. Of all the water that evaporates over the oceans, only about ___% falls on land masses. • 1. 1 • 2. 10 • 3. 25 • 4. 50

48. Of all the water that evaporates over the oceans, only about ___% falls on land masses. • 1. 1 • 2.10 • 3. 25 • 4. 50

49. The relatively high concentration of dissolved oxygen in the deeper layers of the ocean at the equator is mainly due to _______. • 1. low utilization by organisms • 2. its high latitude origin • 3. the lack of photosynthesis in deeper waters • 4. the rapid sinking of oxygen saturated surface water at the equator

50. The relatively high concentration of dissolved oxygen in the deeper layers of the ocean at the equator is mainly due to _______. • 1.low utilization by organisms • 2. its high latitude origin • 3. the lack of photosynthesis in deeper waters • 4. the rapid sinking of oxygen saturated surface water at the equator