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CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY

Eliminate the Guesswork!

TRAC III PRODUCTION LOG

PRODUCTION

LOGGING

SCHOOL

Trac III Production Logs

Background:

Need to obtain production information from wells with rod pumps
Stabilized producing conditions
Convey tools to the production zone, (rod string blocked the production tubing)
Enter the well in the tubing annulus
Very small logging tools due to clearance constraints

7/8” diameter production logging tools

Dynamic, producing (e.g., actual or "real-time") conditions.
Temperature log.
Capacitance log.
Radioactive tracer log.
All logs can be run simultaneously during one trip in the well.
5 1/2 inch casing and 2 7/8 inch tubing.
4 1/2 inch casing and 2 3/8 inch tubing.

Positive monitoring of reservoir performance .
Detailed, zone-by-zone, information.
Changes in the down-hole conditions detected.
Reevaluate marginal production wells.
Rework watered-out or gassed-out wells.
Recompletion of unproductive offset wells.
Essential guidance for remedial-workover designs.
Cost-effective well recompletions.

Improved completion techniques for future wells.
Immediate verification of perforation efficiency .
Positive identification of the actual production intervals.
Confirmation of open hole log analysis and assumptions used in the initial completion.
Pinpoint mechanical problems.

Document baseline production profile for future reference.
Optimize pump placement.
Discover unwanted water sources for remedial procedures.
Correlate production results with injection profiles for sweep efficiency of floods.
Confirm engineering and geological assumptions and analysis.

Verify stimulation job effectiveness and techniques.
Plan accurate placement of mechanical isolation tools (bridge plugs and packers.)
Locate thief zones and undesirable cross-flows.
Real-time snap shot of production well.

TRAC IIIPRODUCTION LOGS

TRAC-III Logs:

A. Annulus Logging with 7/8” O.D. Tools.

B. Flowing Wells

C. “Y” Tool & Submersible Pump (7/8” Tools).

D. Memory PLT (Horizontal Applications).

Annulus TRAC-III Production Logging With 7/8” O.D. Tools

Tracer Velocities

Temperature Logs

Collar Locator

Gamma Ray

Capacitance

Pressure

Caliper

Annulus Logging Candidates

4.5” Casing & 2.375” Tubing

Or any combination of larger casing and smaller tubing.

No liners or other restrictions in the annulus.

ROT: 100 BPD of produced fluids.

7/8” O.D. Tools

Rope Socket (15" - 5/8" fishing neck)

Capacitance Tool (40")

Caliper (69")

Collar Locator (28.5")

Scintillation Gamma Ray Detector (60")

Microprocessor Controlled Ejector (75.5")

Temperature Tool (37")

Memory Pressure Gauge (14”)

Total Tool Length with crossovers = 30’

Trac III Production Log - Tools

Collar Locator - 7/8" O. D. by 28" in length.

Magnet coil assembly measures changes in metal thickness.

Capacitance - 7/8" O. D. by 40" length.

Electrically is a capacitor.
Insulated probe functions as one plate.
Tool housing as the opposite plate.
Various materials passing between the plates have different dielectric properties that change the total capacitance of the circuit.

Capacitance Tool - Parallel Plates

In most instances, a 3% or more oil cut is necessary before a noticeable change in the capacitance is registered. This 3% threshold varies with the salinity of the water and the gravity of the oil.

Temperature Tool - 7/8" O. D. by 37" in length.

Accuracy approaching 0.1 degrees Fahrenheit
Linearity and repeatability.
Temperature stability.
Critical for channel detection and other applications.

Components

Platinum Resistor Temperature Detector (RTD)
Stable crystal oscillator

serves as an accurate, drift-free frequency reference in the tool electronics.

Individually calibrated in a total immersion oil bath

Shock and vibration protection

Continuous operation at rated temperature.
Three-day burn-in at maximum rated temperature

Caliper - 7/8" O. D. by 68" in length.

Three 9. 5" arms
Capable of measuring the I. D. of a hole up to approximately 14" in diameter.
7/8” O.D. when arms retracted
Surface controlled actuation.

Ejector - 7/8" O. D. by 74" in length.

Digitally controlled.
Motorized plunger / pressure chamber
O-ring sealed exhaust port
Consistently eject selected slugs from 0.1 cc to a full 20 cc.

Detector - 7/8" O. D. by 60" in length.

Scintillation type.
Sodium iodine crystal.
Photo multiplier.

Signal telemetry

Pulse encoding
Data decoded using DSP technology
Data are logged to the hard drive in real time.
Simultaneously available for viewing.
Logging passes scaled in either axis.
Multiple passes merged as required.
Merged passes linked with other data.

Trac III Production Log - Preparation

Collar Log & Gamma Ray log for depth correlation
Current Production rates: Water, Oil & Gas
Current well bore sketch and detailed depths of perforations, pump, liner tops, etc.
Recent History of production.
Known effects of remedial work over or water flood.
Well performances vs. Lease performance.

Annulus TRAC-III Preparation

Pull Tubing
Remove Anchor
Set Pump 100’ above Perfs
Dual Completion Flange
Small Pumping Tee
Slimline Stuffing Box
Remove Bridal Guard
Vertical Clearance Above Annulus Opening

Dual Completion Flange

Top View

Side View

Hand Packoffs

Dual Head Configured

&

Pump Is Engaged

Note that there is not enough room to install a valve on the annulus opening.

These flanges are specifically designed for logging in 4.5” casing. A dual completion flange, if there is such, would not allow enough room in the annulus for tool entry.

Production Logging Tidbits

There are no silver bullets in the production logging industry.

Production logging is an investigative process.

It requires the knowledge, experience, and authority to change the logging procedure as needed to define anomalies as they are encountered during the log.

Avoid the intentional design of tests that rely completely on nuclear based data acquisition. Their maximum radius of investigation is approximately 24 inches from the sensor.

In production logging, temperature logs are the center of your universe.

They are always correct, although sometimes hard to interpret by themselves.

Use data acquired from others sensors to help you interpret the temperature logs.

!We Want You On Location!

Production logging is an investigative process
Your knowledge of the lease can make the difference between a good survey and a great survey

Correlation Logs

Logs used to align logging depths to previously run open hole and cased hole logs.

Avoid the LAST LOG SYNDROME. It is generally acceptable for most production logs to be within 2 to 3 feet of measured depth. However, if you are on the 4th or 5th generation of logs, you may be correlating 10’ to 15’ off depth. Always try to use the original open hole logs or the logs used to perforate the well.

Temperature Logs

Producing temperature logs tend to reflect in wellbore and near wellbore events.

Shut-in temperature logs indicate events outside the wellbore.

You must know the status of the interior of the wellbore before you can interpret shut-in temperatures.

Capacitance

Fluid Identification
Calibrate between water and gas.
Capacitance VS. Density Tool

Tracer Velocities

Modified Velocity Profile Measurement

Production fluctuations do not affect the calculations as severely as stationary velocity shots.

Same velocity method is used in flowing wells.

Tracer Velocities

Velocity Profile

Pi x r2 x h = Volume of a cylinder
Pro’s:

High resolution of data points
Limited by the spacing from ejector to detector

Con’s:

Minor plant fluctuations effect calculated rates
I.D. changes have a drastic effect on the calculated rates

Calculations and Interpretations:Volumetric Flow Rates

Volume= PI x Dia^2 / 4 * L
Volumetric Flow = Vol / Time

Diameter

Length

Caliper Log

Log Interpretation

Intensity Profile

Velocity Profile

Temperature Logs

No Flow Shot

Channel Check

Crossflow Check

http://www.cardinalsurveys.com

Merged

Log

TRAC-III Below Submersible Pump

Y-Tool Assembly

Well must have 7” casing to accommodate Y-tool.
Shut-in well & allow fluid to fall below pump
Fish out plug

TRAC-III Below Submersible Pump

Y-Tool Assembly

Install running plug on wireline
Lower TRAC-III Tools & Running Plug to “Y”
Lower TRAC-III Tools below pump
Engage pump to seat running plug
Run logs when well is stable

Y-Tool Accessories For Logging

Running Plug

Baby Red

Prevents fluids from being circulated by pump.

Used to retrieve plug from Y-tool.

Memory PLT

Horizontal wells are the primary application in the Permian Basin.
No real time feedback allowing procedure modification to maximize information.
Most wellbore events in producers are not continuous. Your economics must reflect the possibility of multiple runs to accomplish some test objectives.
Most companies that have access to memory tools do not consider production logging a core business.
Great weapon, for the right battle!

PRODUCTION

LOGGING

SCHOOL

Eliminate the Guesswork!

The End

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