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Introduction to the Speechmaking Process Michele Serra, October 25, 2012

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Introduction to the Speechmaking Process Michele Serra, October 25, 2012. Chapter 2. Introduction to Critical Listening. Stages. If speaking is silver , listening is gold . -Turkish Proverb. The most important language skill We listen first , then speak, read, and write

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Introduction to the Speechmaking Process Michele Serra, October 25, 2012

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  1. Introduction to the Speechmaking ProcessMichele Serra, October 25, 2012 Chapter 2 Introduction to Critical Listening

  2. Stages If speaking is silver, listening is gold. -Turkish Proverb The most important language skill We listen first, then speak, read, and write Listening is the foundation … but listening is not automatic!

  3. Agenda Stages 1 Styles 2 Improvement Strategies 3 Become a Critical Listener 4

  4. Stages Percentage of Time Listening 30% Not Communicating 70% Communicating

  5. Stages 5 Stages of the Critical Listening Process

  6. Stages Stage 1: Hearing (Sensation) Hearing is an automatic mechanical process Hearingis about Noise Listening is about Meaning

  7. Stages It all starts with protecting your hearing Listening Devices: No more than 70% volume No longer than 4.5 hours Protect hearing in environments over 90 decibels. (hair dryer, lawnmower are 90 dB) (Time Magazine, 02/09) Sound receptors called cilia cannot regenerate once destroyed If destroyed, affects hearing and balance Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)

  8. Stages Stage 2: Selection (Sorting) Noise • Choose what you will attend to from the mass of sounds and input. Content • Be selective, but listen to the entire message before rejecting all or part.

  9. Stages Stage 3: Interpretation (Meaning) We all rely on intrapersonal inputs and filters including: • History • Culture • Beliefs • Needs • Wants • Fears • Values • Intelligence • Attitudes Everyone’s frame of reference is unique “Why do people feel so strongly about one candidate vs. the other?”

  10. Stages Stage 4: Evaluation (Assessment)

  11. Stages Stage 5. Responses (Feedback) Internal: Arise from interpretation/evaluation • May occur at anytime during speech • Thoughts and conclusions arising in your mind External: Feedback, verbal, questions, comments • Non-verbal, shaking head, looking confused or bored. • Backchanneling – nonverbal vocal cues, “Uh-huh” • Includes questions and comments

  12. Agenda Stages 1 Styles 2 Improvement Strategies 3 Become a Critical Listener 4

  13. Styles 6 Styles of Listening

  14. Styles Style 1: Reluctant

  15. Styles Style 2: Aggressive

  16. Styles Style 3: Appreciative

  17. Styles Style 4: Empathic

  18. Styles Style 5: Comprehensive

  19. Styles Style 6: Critical

  20. Agenda Stages 1 Styles 2 Improvement Strategies 3 Become a Critical Listener 4

  21. Improvement Strategies Listening Improvement Strategies 4 Steps to Improve Critical Listening • Don’t try to write the entire message • Listen for main points and central ideas • Relate to topic • Expand interest • Study topic ahead of time • Eliminate noise &distractions • Stay alert, avoid fatigue • Note-takers remember 1.5 times more after 6 weeks • Those who don’t , forget 80% of lectures after 2 weeks

  22. Improvement Strategies Managing Distractions Speaker’s appearance, language, mannerisms, personality: Do: • Focus on message • Ignore trivialities Don’t • Seek distractions to stray from message • Overly criticize speaker, daydream, chat , fake attention • “Choose self-discipline to listen.”

  23. Improvement Strategies Managing Distractions Your beliefs, attitudes and values are triggered: Do • Steer away from mental rebuttals • Respect presenters and event Don’t • Focus solely on your frame of reference • “Choose self-discipline to listen.”

  24. Improvement Strategies Managing Distractions Topic seems too challenging, boring, irrelevant: Do • Keep an open mind to learn new and thought-provoking information • Relate it to something you know. Don’t • Do not dismiss topic as unimportant • Avoid prejudging until hearing entire message • “Choose self-discipline to listen.”

  25. Managing Distractions Overcome Thought Speed: Speaking Speed = 125 - 150 wpm Listening Speed = 400 wpm • Listeners can think 4X faster than speakers can talk, so minds wander Counteract: • Take notes • Anticipate speaker’s next point • Analyze logic and evidence of message

  26. Improvement Strategies Managing Distractions Overcome Automatic Talking Learn why people talk without listening

  27. Agenda Stages 1 Styles 2 Improvement Strategies 3 Become a Critical Listener 4

  28. Become a Critical Listener Everything you hear is an opportunity to listen! Whether in a conversation, at meeting, attending a presentation or watching the news, always: • Exercise an open mind • Resist distractions • Take notes • Withhold judgment until hearing entire message

  29. Questions & Answers • What did you learn today that you didn’t already know? • How will critical listening impact you the most? • What do you plan to change first?

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