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Osmosis

Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.

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Osmosis

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  1. Osmosis

  2. Osmosis • ‘’The flow of the solvent from higher concetration to lower solvent concetration is called osmosis’’.

  3. Osmotic pressure The equilibrium hydrostatic pressure of the column set up as a result of osmosis is called osmotic pressure. 1. Laws of osmotic pressure

  4. Laws of osmotic pressure A substance in the solution behaves exactly like a gas and the osmotic pressure of a dilute solution is equal to the pressure which the solute would exert, if it were a gas at the same temperature and occupying the same volume as a solution. This theory based on simple laws. Just like the gas laws. These law are discussed as follows.

  5. Vent Hoff-Boyle’s law: • ‘’According to this law, at a certain temperature, the osmatic pressure of a solution is proporational to its molar concentration.’’ • C (at const. temperature) • = K.C. (at const. temperature) • = K (at const. temperature) • V=k Hence, this is just like a bole law for gases according to which pv= constant, at a constant temperature.

  6. Pressure- temperature law: • “According to this law the osmatic pressure of a solution is proportional to absolute temperature at a given concentration.’’ = T (When concentration is const.) X = KT (When concentration is const.) = K (When concentration is const.) This is just like the pressure temperature law for gases. = k

  7. General equation for SolutionS: • In the above mentioned three laws, we have been given the idea that: • If all these three parameter V, T and n vary simultaneously, then

  8. The value of the constant determined by various experiment is general gas constant “ R”. • So • This equation is identical to ideal gas equation • PV = nRT • It is found that the dilute solution behave just like ideal gases.

  9. Osmotic pressure as a colligative property: • We have derived the general equation for solutions as . RT • AT constant temperature. It means that the osmotic pressure only depend upon the concentration of the solution but not upon the nature of solute. Hence, osmotic pressure is a colligative property.

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