The Collapse of the Old Order, 1929-1949

1. The Collapse of the Old Order, 1929-1949 Chapter 29 Lecture

2. After World War I • A “fake” normalcy takes place globally. • The economy like a house built on quicksand…looked good but was about to collapse. • The 1929 Stock Market crash sparks the largest depression the world has ever seen. • This depression coupled with the resentment left from The Versailles Treaty lead to the rise of fascists dictators.

3. The Stalin Revolution • Russia underwent 2 revolutions in the past chapter • Over threw the Czar Nicholas II • Brought Communism under Lenin’s leadership • Later Joseph Stalin will replace Lenin after his death

4. Five Year Plans • Stalin wanted to turn the USSR into an industrialized country so that the Communist Party and the country is strengthened. • Collectivization of farm land left many peasants penniless and under government control.

5. Stalin’s Plans Desolate Russia public and secret police organization of the Soviet Union • Stalin used terror tactics and the NKVD to protect his power and squash any opposition. • The Great Purge is an example of the terror of Stalinist Russia. **Know how women were affected by Stalinist Russia

6. The Depression • “Black Thursday” occurs on October 24, 1929

7. How the Depression Spreads Globally • The United States calls in loans from Germany and Austria • Germany and Austria now cannot pay war reparations to France and Great Britain. • Great Britain and France now can not repay loans to the U.S. • It is a circular problem!

8. Germany and Japan • Both countries suffer the most during the Depression. • They do not recover as easily as the U.S., Britain, and France. • This leads to more resentment and paves the way for radical leaders to emerge. Adolf Hitler Admiral Yamamoto

9. Fascism Rises • This ideology is based on nationalism, anti-communist sentiment, and expansion. • There are elements of communism, such as a one party state and a totalitarian rule but fascism and communism are opposing ideologies. • Benito Mussolini in Italy • Adolf Hitler in Germany **Know the Italian Fascist slogan

10. Hitler’s Mein Kampf Goals • 1st :repeal the humiliation felt by the war guilt clause and military restrictions caused by the Versailles Treaty. • 2nd :expand Germany Lebensraum (living space) • 3rd :to eliminate the Jewish problem.

11. Road to War, 1933-1939 • In 1933 Hitler withdrawals from the League of Nations. • Next step, build up the German Army • Begin invading German speaking countries so that all German speakers are united. • When Hitler invades Poland, the Second World War begins! Know the British and French response to Hitler’s actions and what policy they practiced.

12. Japan • When Japan invades China in the Sino-Japanese War the united states and the League of Nations denounce Japan. • Japan uses extremely cruel and ruthless tactics against the Chinese. • This builds even more resentment against the United States, resulting in Pearl Harbor! **Understand what happens in China during the Japanese invasion and post war China

13. World War II Technology • Radar • Antibiotics • Synthetic Rubber • Nuclear Weapons

14. The Holocaust • Nazi Germany embarks on a policy of persecution of Jews and others deemed inferior or a national threat. • Disabled and mentally ill • Gay men • Freemasons and Jehovah’s Witness • Political activists • Christians • Nazis force thousand of Jews to emigrate. • They then went one step further by isolating Jews in conquered territories by forcing them into ghettos

15. The Taking of the Jews to the Ghettos

16. Hitler’s “Final Solution” • The Nazi’s unleash killing squads and ship Jews and others to concentration camps. • The “Final Solution” • eradicate the entire Jewish population that the extermination camps were built and the mass slaughter of Jews began. • results in the death of 6 million Jews.