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Understanding Genotypes, Phenotypes, and Natural Selection in Evolution

This review explores key concepts in evolution, focusing on the distinctions between genotypes and phenotypes, and examining the mechanisms of natural selection. It addresses whether natural selection acts on genotypes or phenotypes, discusses genetic variation sources, and clarifies polygenic traits. The review evaluates examples of selection, such as directional and disruptive selection in bird beaks. Furthermore, it defines genetic drift, the bottleneck effect, founder effect, and explores the conditions disrupting genetic equilibrium according to the Hardy-Weinberg principle. It also covers types of isolation affecting speciation.

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Understanding Genotypes, Phenotypes, and Natural Selection in Evolution

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  1. Evolution Review

  2. Is "brown hair" a genotype or a phenotype?

  3. Does natural selection work directly on genotype or phenotype?

  4. Name two sources of genetic variation.

  5. True or False: Height in humans is an example of a polygenic trait.

  6. If birds with thicker beaks have a greater advantage over birds with thinner beaks, what type of selection is this?

  7. If birds with small beaks can eat small seeds and birds with large beaks can eat large seeds, what type of selection is this?

  8. In small populations, individuals that carry a particular allele may leave more descendants than other individuals leave, just by chance. Over time, a series of chance occurrences can cause an allele to become more or less common in a population. What is this phenomenon called?

  9. What is the bottleneck effect?

  10. Name one example of the founder effect.

  11. The Hardy-Weinberg principle predicts that 5 conditions can disturb genetic equilibrium and cause evolution to occur. Name three of those five conditions.

  12. Two populations of squirrel are separated by the Grand Canyon. What type of isolation is this?

  13. What is temporal isolation?

  14. Name one factor in the speciation of the Galapagos island finches.

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