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ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

The easy way to keep tracks of electrons!. ELECTRON CONFIGURATION. Pick up your paperwork Pick up two handouts Get out Electron Configuration Notes, your Blank Periodic Table, and your green periodic table. DO NOW. Aufbau Principle

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ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

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  1. The easy way to keep tracks of electrons! ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

  2. Pick up your paperwork Pick up two handouts Get out Electron Configuration Notes, your Blank Periodic Table, and your green periodic table. DO NOW

  3. Aufbau Principle • Each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available. Electrons are added from the ground state up. Electrons fill in increasing energy order. Pauli Exclusion Principle • Each orbital can hold a maximum of only two electrons – one spinning clockwise and one spinning counter clockwise. Hund’sRule • The most stable arrangement of electrons in orbitals is to fill singly and then go back and double up. RULES

  4. Use this to help determine the different blocks: s, p, d, f BLANK PERIODIC TABLE

  5. BLANK PERIODIC TABLE

  6. The Blocks of the periodic table

  7. Includes the principle quantum number, the sublevel and the number of electrons in the sublevel. Electron configuration

  8. Hydrogen H 1 1s1 Helium He 2 1s2 Lithium Li 3 1s22s1 Beryllium Be 4 1s22s2 Boron B 5 1s22s22p1 Carbon C 6 1s22s22p2 Nitrogen N 7 1s22s22p3 Oxygen O 8 1s22s22p4 Fluorine F 9 1s22s22p5 Neon Ne 10 1s22s22p6 Electron configuration

  9. Sodium Na 11 1s22s22p63s1 Magnesium Mg 12 1s22s22p63s2 Aluminum Al 13 1s22s22p63s23p1 Silicon Si 14 1s22s22p63s23p2 Phosphorus P 15 1s22s22p63s23p3 Sulfur S 16 1s22s22p63s23p4 Chlorine Cl 17 1s22s22p63s23p5 Argon Ar 18 1s22s22p63s23p6 Potassium K 19 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 Calcium Ca 20 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 Electron configuration

  10. First determine atomic number Then determine the electron configuration. ELECTRON HOTEL

  11. Pick up handout Bright Line Spectra lab due tomorrow 2nd period paperwork revisions due tomorrow. 5th period paperwork revisions due Friday. Get out Electron Configuration Notes, your Blank Periodic Table, and your green periodic table. DO NOW

  12. Carbon C 6 1s22s22p2 Sodium Na 11 1s22s22p63s1 Phosphorus P 15 1s22s22p63s23p3 Argon Ar 18 1s22s22p63s23p6 Sulfur S 16 1s22s22p63s23p4 Neon Ne 10 1s22s22p6 Aluminum Al 13 1s22s22p63s23p1 Electron hotel

  13. Energy filling order

  14. ARROW Diagram • 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 5f • 6s 6p 6d 6f • 7s 7p 7d

  15. Diagonal rule

  16. The Blocks of the periodic table

  17. Try bismuth, #83

  18. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6 5s24d105p66s24f145d106p3 Try bismuth, #83

  19. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6 5s24d105p66s24f145d10 Mercury, #80

  20. You must memorize only: • Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten • Copper, silver, • Lots of the “f” level elements • 6d fills correctly; most f block elements do not fill according to the rulesd. ODDBALLS to remember

  21. The Blocks of the periodic table

  22. On a piece of paper see if you can do the electron configurations for: • Tantalum (Z = 73) • Curium (Z=96) DO NOW

  23. Tantalum: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6 5s24d105p66s24f145d3 Curium: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6 5s24d105p66s24f145d106p67s25f8 answers

  24. Turn in Bright Line Spectra lab Turn in any revised paperwork Pick up both handouts Get out Electron Configuration notes DO NOW

  25. Charged particles ANION – atom that has gained electrons and is more negative CATION – atom that has lost electrons and is more positive. So if the number of electrons has changed, then the electron configuration has changed. WHAT ARE IONS?

  26. First, write the regular electron configuration for the element. • If the ion is positive, take away electrons. If the ion is negative, add electrons to the highest partially filled energy level. EXAMPLES: Na 1s22s22p63s1 Al 1s22s22p63s23p1 Na+11s22s22p6Al+3 1s22s22p6 F1s22s22p5H 1s1 F-1 1s22s22p6H-11s2 Electron configuration for ions

  27. Magnesium Oxygen 12Mg 1s22s22p63s2 8O1s22s22p4 12Mg+2 1s22s22p6 8O-2 1s22s22p6 Lithium Iron 3Li 1s22s1 26Fe1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 3Li+11s2 26Fe+3 1s22s22p63s23p64s03d5 Ion answers

  28. Atoms that have absorbed energy and are in an excited state have electrons that have moved to a shell level that is higher than what is normal. The electrons that move come from the valence electrons (outermost electrons). Excited states

  29. A Reminder

  30. Another way to symbolize electrons in their energy levels and sublevels. Has three basic symbols: unoccupied orbital with orbital with orbital one electron two electrons Orbital diagrams

  31. Pauli Exclusion Principle • Each orbital can hold a maximum of only two electrons – one spinning clockwise and one spinning counter clockwise. Hund’s Rule • The most stable arrangement of electrons in orbitals is to fill singly and then go back and double up. Rules to remember

  32. Orbital diagrams

  33. Orbital diagrams

  34. Do the orbital diagrams for: SODIUM SULFUR Try some

  35. Cannot be used until after the test on Atomic Theory. Start with the noble gas the occurs before the element in question. Then tack on the remaining electron configuration. Example: Sodium 1s22s22p63s1 Shorthand: [Ne] 3s1 Copper 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10 Shorthand: [Ar]4s13d10 Electron configuration shorthand

  36. Calcium1s22s22p63s23p64s2 shorthand: [Ar]4s2 Oxygen1s22s22p4 shorthand: [He]2s22p4 Practice

  37. These are the electrons in the outermost energy level. Look for the highest principle quantum number and count all the electrons in that level. Sodium 1s22s22p63s1 Shorthand: [Ne] 3s1 valence electrons: 1 Valence electrons

  38. Copper 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10 Shorthand: [Ar]4s13d10 valence electrons: 1 Magnesium 1s22s22p63s2 valence electrons: 2 Chlorine 1s22s22p63s23p5 valence electrons: 7 Valence electrons

  39. Using the periodic table as a shortcut

  40. The electrons in the outmost level are the ones that are involved in bonding and the ones we really care about (valence electrons). The symbol stands for the nucleus and all the inner electron energy levels. Using the electron configuration for the atom, choose the valence electrons. Electron dot diagrams

  41. Electron dot diagrams

  42. Sodium 1s22s22p63s1 valence electrons: 1 Na Copper 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10 valence electrons: 1 Cu Magnesium 1s22s22p63s2 valence electrons: 2 Mg Chlorine 1s22s22p63s23p5 valence electrons: 7 Cl examples

  43. Do electron configuration and orbital diagrams on the front Do electron configuration and electron dot diagrams on the back side Lab tomorrow – bring your logbook. Homework – start now

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