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1. Continuous and Discrete in Physics. A New View.

A new approach to the explanation of physical phenomena is suggested based on new view of continious and discrete in nature.

Vladimir1956
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1. Continuous and Discrete in Physics. A New View.

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  1. Continuous and discrete.A New view. © Project Avalanche, 2013

  2. THE PURPOSE OF THIS PRESENTATION • To demonstrate the possibility of self-consistent description of the real world in terms of modern physics on the basis of two concepts of classical Greek philosophy: • Continuous substance and • Emptiness © Project Avalanche, 2013

  3. UNDERSTANDING PHYSICAL CONTINUITY • Thales of Miletus (VI BC): The matter is unified and all processes in the nature are caused by its concentration and rarefaction • Aristotle (IV BC), Descartes (XVII AD): Continuous can be divided indefinitely • Leibniz (XVIII AD): Physical continuity is a body bendable everywhere • Author (nowadays; a compilation of modern assertions): Substance is continuous if in arbitrarily small volume one can separate out even smaller volume with the same physical characteristics © Project Avalanche, 2013

  4. MATTER AND THE STANDARD MODEL The fundamental building blocks of matter νe – electron neutrino νμ – muon neutrino ντ – tau neutrino e – electron μ – muon τ – tau lepton u – up quark d – down quark c – charm quark s – strange quark t – top quark b – bottom quark Force carriers γ – photon g – gluon Z - z-bozon W – w-bozon Quarks (q) are believed to be non-observable, and consist of strings and brans © Project Avalanche, 2013

  5. MATTER AND THE STANDARD MODEL • Stephen Hawking: • Despite its experimental success, standard model, has one serious drawback: it is ugly and rather arbitrary. in it for at least 19 free parameters, 36 of quarks and antiquarks, three important sub-atomic particles, and many other sub-atomic particles with strange names like Yang – Mills gluons, Higgs’, W- and Z-bozons. • Standard model says nothing about gravity. It's hard to believe that nature on its primary, basic level can be so confusing and highly inelegant. • George Gamov (1966): • The next big revolution in physics is to happen in the understanding of the very nature of elementary particles… This implies the emergence of concepts, so different from the modern as today’s differ from those of classical physics • Steven Weinberg (2005): • We may be now at a new turning point, at which what we believe is the legitimate basis of the physical theory, gets radically changed. • R. Bousso, J. Polchinski (2000): • This hope, of course, is a consequence of the discovery of a giant number of solutions provided by the theory of strings © Project Avalanche, 2013

  6. MATTER AND THE STANDARD MODEL • Acad. Vasiliy A. Rubakov (2005): • Natural science is now in the beginning of a new, extremely interesting phase of its development. The physics of elementary particles and cosmology unite as the fundamental science of the properties of the world around us. By various methods they answer the same questions: what the matter the universe is filled with today? What was its evolution in the past? What are the properties of dark matter and dark energy? What are cosmological evidences of their existence? What does it say from the point of view of the physics of the microworld? What are the perspectives for the study of dark matter and dark energy in the Earth conditions? • More recent cosmological data require a fundamental complement of modern ideas about the structure of matter and the fundamental interactions of elementary particles. © Project Avalanche, 2013

  7. CONTINUAL APPROACH. BASIC PRINCIPLES (5 + 5) Logic principles: 1. Describeability 2. Causality 3. Correspondence • Axioms: • Emptiness • Uniqueness • Continuality • Undestroyability • Substantiality Axiom of physical parameters + Principle of Conformity • Physical Parameters • Viscosity η = 0 • Inertia μ = ? • Tensile strength ς = ? • Compressive strength ξ = ? • Initial quantity ∑ = ? 5 + 5 © Project Avalanche, 2013

  8. ABSOLUTE VOID. WHAT’S THAT? • Reality? Or Abstraction? • Alternation of approaches • Newton: Space is real • Ernst Mach: Space is not real • Einstein: Space – Time • XX – XXI: re-definition of the term “void”: • Void (physical vacuum) is the space filled by quantum fields and distributed energy • Isn’t it a discredited aether? © Project Avalanche, 2013

  9. VOID IS REAL ! September 2007. WMAP (Wilkinson Microwawe Anisotropic Probe) satellite found in the constellation of Eridan (6 – 10 bn light years from the Earth) a huge, completely EMPTY space of a size ~1 bn light years. There is NOTHING in this void, even no relict radiation… Nothing like that has been ever observed before. This fact completely changes all modern concepts of the Universe… © Project Avalanche, 2013

  10. NEWTON VOID IS REALITY ! This is not a black hole, but an area without stars, gas and any other matter, and even without “dark matter”. Other (much smaller) voids are also observed. The Initial Singularity of the Big Bang was located in the center of this void. Constellation of Eridanus : the sixt in size constellation of the sky. Located in the south hemisphere. © Project Avalanche, 2013

  11. BEFORE THE BIG BANG: VOID + DARK MATTER Void Void Hypothesis Continual substance is the Dark Matter (DM) Void Void © Project Avalanche, 2013

  12. BEFORE THE BIG BANG: FORCES Two key parameters: • Compressive strength limit (after which explosion begins) • Tensile strength limit (foaming begins) When the liquid is compressed, the force emerge, which depends on the deformation d: F = 1/d – d, if d < d0 and F = 0, if d ≥ d0 © Project Avalanche, 2013

  13. DETERMINISM OF THE EVOLUTION Void + Continuity Surface energy σ0 + Restricted volume V0 Internal pressure P0 P0 = 2σ0 / R0 Volume compression Y0 σ, η, Y, ρ, μ Volume energy W0 W0 = P02 / 2Y © Project Avalanche, 2013

  14. DETERMINISM OF THE EVOLUTION Continuity + Surface Tension Surface oscillations Volume oscillations Density fluctuations Phase transition: Continual substance turns into disperse vapor-liquid environment with the sharp volume increase, similar to the effervescence of the superheated liquid. © Project Avalanche, 2013

  15. PHASE TRANSITION Key statement: Phase transitions of the Ideal Liquid (IL) determine the regularities of the Microcosm. Density gradient at the Liquid - Gas interface defines both absolute value of the surface tension and minimal space scale. V0 – min volume of initial bubble © Project Avalanche, 2013

  16. ENERGY BALANCE When the fluctuation is breaking up, initial energy of the primary volume transits into the surface energy of small droplets plus their kinetic energy , plus kinetic energy of the bulk volume of the liquid. Droplets of the dark matter of the Planck’s scale, moving chaotically in the Newton void represent the “vapor” of dark matter. This “vapor” has all properties of ideal gas. © Project Avalanche, 2013

  17. BIG BANG? BIG FOAMING ! Can we guess about initial conditions? © Project Avalanche, 2013

  18. THE BIRTH OF THE CELLULAR SPACE. OBSERVED TODAY. Big Bang  Big Foaming Consequence 1 There must be absolute Void in the center Consequence 2 What will we see in a “calmed down” area? © Project Avalanche, 2013

  19. STRUCTURING OF THE SPACE In the empty space, the environment is self-organized into similar polyhedrons of the increasing scale. Excess of the “liquid” phase leads to a geometry distortion. This is how “substance” and “space” are connected. Consequence 3 Consequence 4 A versions of the fractal structure of the “ideal foam” © Project Avalanche, 2013

  20. REAL FOAM AND OBJECTS OF THE PHYSICAL VACUUM Dry foam Wet foam Consequence 7 Consequence 5 Consequence 6 © Project Avalanche, 2013

  21. PHYSICAL VACUUMIS A FOAM OF A SUPERFLUID LIQUID Rotating and re-buiding of polyhedrons Gravitating to the minimum of the surface energy, foam cells synchronously re-build themselves into the uniform space filled with an “ideal” foam . Cells of a size of an order of 1A cause an effect on atom-atom interactions. o Consequence 5 This takes place for “dry” foams when average density << 1 ( ~ 10-10, 10-20) © Project Avalanche, 2013

  22. PHYSICAL VACUUM IS A FOAM OF SUPERFLUID LIQUID Foam density φ is an amount of liquid phase in some volume. Scalar density field has many of the properties of the Higgs’ field. Consequence 9 Consequence 10 This definition is very close to the modern representations about structure of the “Vacuum” (for example, the Wheeler’s Quantum Space-Time Foam) © Project Avalanche, 2013

  23. COLLAPSE OF A WAVE-FUNCTION AND HIGGS’ BOZON When the average density of a foam is high enough, there begins a spontaneous concentration of the liquid phase at a variety of scales. In “Ideal foam”, forces are directed by (not against) a density gradient. After ψ-collapse is completed, a quantified amount of the liquid phase is concentrated around the initial fluctuation thus forming a “mass particle”. ψ - collapse plays the role of the “Higgs’ Bozon “. Consequence 11 Space-Time scenario of the evolution of the initial droplet is close to the modern models of the genesis of the Universe. Consequence 12 © Project Avalanche, 2013

  24. HOW “DARK MATTER” BECOMES A “USUAL” ONE Proton, electron, and even space vortexes are being born by the same mechanism: decay of the uniform state with conservation of the volume, impetus, and energy. Proton is a self-organized particle with indefinite lifetime (a black hole in the sub-microworld) Consequence 13 © Project Avalanche, 2013

  25. SCALE INVARIANCE Proton, electron, and even space vortexes are being born by the same mechanism: decay of the uniform state with conservation of the volume, impetus, and energy. Planet nebula (September 2004) Couple of interconnected space vortexes Consequence 13 Real space is non-uniform, non-isotropic, and actively participates in all physical processes © Project Avalanche, 2013

  26. WHAT IS THE DIMENSION OF “DARK MATTER”? Let’s assume that the dimension of Dark Matter (DM) is Ξ, then field intensity is: H = d Ξ, and field energy density w = |H|2 . In terms of dimensions, [w] = (kG*m/s2)*m/m3 = kG/m/s2. Therefore, [H] = kG1/2*m-1/2*s-1 Because of [H] = [d Ξ], [Ξ] = kG1/2*m-1/2*s-1 In terms of SGS (Gauss system) this is… Electric potential ! Hence… Consequence 15 Protomatter (Dark Matter) is a spinor with a dimension of electric potential (Volts) © Project Avalanche, 2013

  27. STRUCTURE OF FERMI-SCALE OBJECTS Objects of Quantum chromodynamicsrepresented by SfF (superfluid foam) model Gluons U-quark Partons Strange quark Consequence 17 Consequence 19 Consequence 16 D-quark © Project Avalanche, 2013

  28. ANALYTICAL AND 3D-GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF PROTON’S FIELDS 3D structure of proton is depicted by iso-surfaces: a) energy density: b) charge density. Consequence 19 Consequence 20 Model parameters selected according to GU: s / e= 40, Q=1,r0 =1; Analytical view of the proton’s potential distribution (model SfF) © Project Avalanche, 2013

  29. QUARK STRUCTURE OF NUCLEONS AND NUCLEAR POTENTIAL Re-building of nucleons core in reactions p=>n and n=>p recharging Radial dependence of proton – proton potential with different spine orientations Consequence 21 Consequence 22 Consequence 23: basis for LANR © Project Avalanche, 2013

  30. ATOM-LEVEL SfF MODEL Atomic Domains Consequence 24 Methane Valence Bonds Atomic Orbitals Consequence 26 Consequence 25 © Project Avalanche, 2013

  31. ATOM-LEVEL SfF MODEL Graphite Nanotubes Fullerene Bonds of Van-der Waals (Kazimir) Closed Nanotube Consequence 27 © Project Avalanche, 2013

  32. SfF MODEL IN THE MICRO-WORLD Dandelion Pollen © Project Avalanche, 2013

  33. HOW MANY PARAMETERS MODEL REQUIRES? To describe real world in accordance with modern physics, SfF model requires 5 principles and 5 only parameters: • Quantity of “matter” • Inertia of “matter” • Compressibility of “matter” • Tensile strength • Compressive strength These parameters can be restored from fundamental physical constants and cosmological data © Project Avalanche, 2013

  34. CONTINUAL APPROACH: THE SUMMARY From all huge amount of available scientific knowledge – sometimes contradictory – we have selected the most ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS and laid them as a BASIS for the NEW PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK. Our conclusions AGREE with all existing experimental and observational facts, allow RESOLVING some important and conceptual contradictions in physics, and PREDICTING some very interesting practical PHENOMENA and APPLICATIONS, including LENR / LANR and AVALANCHE PROTON FUSION (see Consequence 23). © Project Avalanche, 2013

  35. THANK YOU ! Project Avalanche Please contact us at: vb@avalanchepowertech.com and avalanchepowertech@gmail.com Visit our website http:// avalanchepowertech.com © Project Avalanche, 2013

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