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Cardiac Conditions and Diseases SARIKA

Cardiology is the branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the heart and blood vessels. It focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of heart-related conditions, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular diseases, and congenital heart defects.<br><br>Some key areas of cardiology include:

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Cardiac Conditions and Diseases SARIKA

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  1. Cardiac Conditions and Diseases: • Coronary Artery Disease (CAD):A condition where the blood vessels supplying the heart are narrowed or blocked, often due to a buildup of plaque. • Heart Failure: A condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to insufficient oxygen and nutrients for the body. • Arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms that can cause the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or irregularly. • Valvular Heart Disease: A condition in which one or more of the heart’s valves do not function properly, leading to problems with blood flow. • Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Elevated blood pressure can strain the heart and lead to other cardiovascular problems, including stroke and heart attack. • Congenital Heart Defects: Structural problems in the heart present at birth, such as holes in the heart or improper development of heart valves. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD A condition where the blood vessels supplying the heart are narrowed or blocked, often due to a buildup of plaque.

  2. Diagnostic Tools in Cardiology: • Echocardiogram: Uses ultrasound waves to create images of the heart's structure and assess its function. • Stress Tests: Often involve exercising on a treadmill while monitoring heart function to check for signs of heart disease. • Angiography: A procedure that involves injecting a dye into blood vessels and using X-rays to identify blockages or • abnormalities in coronary arteries. • Holter Monitoring: A portable ECG that records the heart's electrical activity over 24–48 hours to detect arrhythmias. • Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): Measures the electrical activity of the heart to identify • arrhythmias and other abnormalities. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

  3. Hypertension (high blood pressure) Congenital heart defects

  4. Treatment Approaches in Cardiology: • Medications: Used to manage blood pressure, cholesterol, heart rhythm, and blood clotting (e.g., beta-blockers, statins, ACE inhibitors). • Lifestyle Changes: Recommendations for diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and stress management to improve heart health. • Interventional Procedures: These may include angioplasty (using a balloon to open blocked arteries) or stent placement to keep arteries open. • Surgical Treatments: Procedures like coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), heart valve surgery, or even heart transplants for severe cases. • Cardiac Rehabilitation: A program of exercise, education, and counseling designed to improve recovery after a heart attack or surgery.

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