The Future Of The Automotive Industry - Alternatively Fuelled Vehicle

1. The Future Of The Automotive Industry - Alternatively Fuelled Vehicle Alternative fuels are fuels that come from sources other than petroleum. According to the U.S. Department of Energy's report, most alternative fuels in the United States are produced domestically from renewable energy sources, making the United States less dependent on oil from other countries. When it comes to air pollution, countries around the world see alternative fuels as a better option than diesel and gasoline. Alternative fuels such as ethanol, biodiesel, electricity, propane, hydrogen, and natural gas are attractive because they produce little or no harmful air pollutants. Ethanol made from plants produces a small amount of greenhouse gases than gasoline and diesel, while biodiesel made from animal fats and vegetable oils produces significantly fewer pollutants than petroleum-based diesel. According to the global automotive industry analysis, propane and natural gas generate fewer air pollutants and greenhouse gases as compared to gasoline, while hydrogen does not produce harmful air pollutants at all.

2. According To The Global Automotive Industry Analysis, Some of the Types of Alternatively Fueled Vehicles (AFVs) are: ● Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) - This car has both an electric battery and a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) that can run on either gasoline or diesel. Both the extra ICE energy and the kinetic energy recovered during braking are used to charge the battery. A hybrid electric vehicle can achieve substantially greater fuel economy and thus lower emissions than a conventional ICE car, thanks to its electric powertrain. ● Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) - The BEV is entirely powered by the chemical energy that is stored in rechargeable battery packs. They use motor controllers and electric motors for propulsion instead of internal combustion engines (ICEs). ● Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle (HFCV) - This is an electric car that generates electricity using a hydrogen fuel cell rather than a battery. Although the majority of its hydrogen comes from natural gas, and CO2 is emitted in the production process, FCV in itself produces no CO2 - only water. They typically have a much wider range than BEVs but a lower overall energy efficiency. A hydrogen tank can be filled up considerably faster than a battery can be recharged. ● Biodiesel and Bioethanol Vehicles - These are vehicles that run on biofuels – either biodiesel (made from vegetable or animal oil) or bioethanol (an alcohol made from plants). Without requiring any modifications, bioethanol can be utilized to power gasoline engines when combined with gasoline. Similarly, biodiesel can be mixed with diesel to run diesel vehicles. Although using these blends does not cut a vehicle's CO2 emissions, because CO2 is taken up by the plants that are being used to generate the biofuels, net lifecycle emissions are reduced. ● Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Vehicles - These vehicles are either powered by natural gas (mostly methane) or LPG (mostly propane). Generally converted from petrol vehicles, most CNG and LPG vehicles are dual-fuel, i.e they can run either on gas or petrol. As compared to petrol vehicles, gas vehicles emit much less carbon dioxide. Since renewable biomethane gas is generated from food and other waste, the environmental benefits of using bio-CNG over CNG are much greater.