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urinary tract infections lesson presentation

urinary tract infections include urinary bladder , ureter and urethral infections may be bacterial and viral infections

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urinary tract infections lesson presentation

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  1. URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS Done by Bandi sri sai Shilpa 110 group

  2. Introduction • Symptomatic presence of micro organisms within the urinary tract i.e., kidney, ureters, bladder and urethra. • Associated with inflammation of urinary tract.

  3. Significant bacteriuria: presence of at least 105 bacteria/ml of urine. • Asymptomatic bacteriuria : bacteriuria with no symptoms. • Urethritis:infection of anterior urethral tract *dysuria, urgency and frequency of urination. • Cystitis:infection to urinary bladder *dysuria, frequency and urgency, pyuria and haematuria.

  4. Acute pyelonephritis: infection of one/both kidneys; sometimes lower tract also. *pyuria, fever, painful micturition • Chronic pyelonephritis: particular type of pathology of kidney; may/may not be due to infection.

  5. UTI Classification • Upper • Acute pyleonephritis • Chronic pyleonephriitis • Interstitial pyleonephritis • Renal abscess • Perirenal abscess • Lower • Cystitis • Prostatitis • Urethritis • Both upper & lower UTI are further divided into complicated and uncomplicated.

  6. UTI – RISK FACTORS • Aging:diabetes mellitus urine retention impaired immune system 2. Females: shorter urethra sexual intercourse contraceptives incomplete bladder emptying with age 3. Males: prostatic hypertrophy bacterial prostatis age

  7. Cystitis: • dysuria, urgency and frequent urination • Pelvic discomfort • Abdominal pain • Pyuria • Hemorrhagic cystitis: • Visible blood in urine. • Irritating voiding symptoms

  8. Pyleonephritis: • Invasive nature • Suprapubic tenderness • Fever and chills • White blood cell casts in urine • Back pain • Nausea and vomiting • Complications include sepsis, septic shock and death.

  9. Clinical manifestations depending on age • Babies and infants: • Failure to thrive • Fever • Apathy • Diarrhoea • Children: • Dysuria, urgency, frequency • Haematuria • Acute abdominal pain • Vomiting

  10. UTI- DIAGNOSIS • Microscopic examination of urine • Urinalysis • Urine culture • Imaging techniques – CT scan and MRI

  11. Laboratory findings • Abnormal findings • pH – Alkaline ( increases) • Appearance – cloudy • Color - deep amber • Odor – foul smelling • Blood – maybe present • Leukocyte esterase - present • WBC- present • Bacteria- present Normal Findings • pH - 4.6 – 8.0 • Appearance- clear • Color – pale to amber yellow • Odor – aromatic • Blood – none • Leukocyte esterase – none • WBC- absent • Bacteria- absent

  12. UTI - management • Symptomatic UTI- antibiotic therapy • Asymptomatic UTI- no treatment required except in special situations. • Non- specific therapy: • more water intake. • Maintaining acidity of urine by fluids like canberry juice.

  13. Single dose therapy a. Trimethoprim- sulfamethaxole bactrim–DS : TMP–160mg + SMZ–800mg co-trimoxazole-DS :TMP-160mg + SMZ-800mg b. Amoxicillin- clavulnate 500mg aceclav tab acmox- AG tab c. Amoxcillin 3gm d. Ciprofloxacin 500mg – alquin tab e. Norfloxacin 400mg – Actiflox-400 tab

  14. Surgical treatment • Surgical removal of renal calculi, bladder calculi b) Ureteroplasty c) Reimplatation of ureters if VUR present

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