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DEVIANCE AND CRIME

DEVIANCE AND CRIME. DEVIANCE AND CRIME. DEVIANCE: BEHAVIOR, BELIEFS OR CONDITIONS THAT VIOLATE CULTURAL NORMS NO ACT OR BELIEF IS INHERENTLY DEVIANT RELATIVE TO TIME AND CULTURE SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED. FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF DEVIANCE. DURKHEIM DEVIANCE OCCURS IN ALL SOCIETIES

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DEVIANCE AND CRIME

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  1. DEVIANCE AND CRIME

  2. DEVIANCE AND CRIME DEVIANCE: BEHAVIOR, BELIEFS OR CONDITIONS THAT VIOLATE CULTURAL NORMS NO ACT OR BELIEF IS INHERENTLY DEVIANT • RELATIVE TO TIME AND CULTURE • SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED

  3. FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF DEVIANCE DURKHEIM • DEVIANCE OCCURS IN ALL SOCIETIES • DEVIANCE CLARIFIES RULES • DEVIANCE UNITES A GROUP • DEVIANCE PROMOTES SOCIAL CHANGE

  4. MERTON’S STRAIN THEORY OF DEVIANCE FIVE MODES OF ADAPTATION • CONFORMITY • INNOVATION • RITUALISM • RETREATISM • REBELLION

  5. MODES OF CULTURAL INSTITUTIONALIZED ADAPTATION GOALS MEANS 1. CONFORMITY + + 2. INNOVATION + - 3. RITUALISM - + 4. RETREATISM - - 5. REBELLION +/- +/- Typology of Individual Modes of Adaptation

  6. MAJOR PREMISE People who adopt the goals of society but lack the means to attain them seek alternatives, such as crime. STRENGTHS Points out how competition for success creates conflict and crime. Suggests that social conditions and not personality can account for crime. Can explain middle- and upper-class crime. Strain Theory: Anomie

  7. OPPORTUNITY THEORY OF DEVIANCE • CLOWARD AND OHLIN THEORY • ILLEGITIMATE OPPORTUNITIES EXIST IN SOME SUBCULTURES • WHEN LEGITIMATE MEANS ARE NOT AVAILABLE TO ACQUIRE SOCIETIES GOALS

  8. Cultural Deviance Theory:Cloward and Ohlin’s Theory of Opportunity MAJOR PREMISE: Blockage of conventional opportunities causes lower-class youths to join criminal, conflict, or retreatist gangs. STRENGTHS: Shows that even illegal opportunities are structured in society. Indicates why people become involved in a particular type of criminal activity. Presents a way of preventing crime.

  9. INTERACTIONIST VIEW OF DEVIANCE • DEVIANCE IS LEARNED THROUGH SOCIAL INTERACTION • THEORIES: • DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION (EDWIN SUTHERLAND) • LABELING THEORY

  10. DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION • DEVIANCE IS LEANED THROUGH ASSOCIATION WITH THOSE MORE FAVORABLE TO DEVIANCE • LEARNING INCLUDES TECHNIQUES, MOTIVES, ATTITUDES AND RATIONALIZATION • THE ASSOCIATION MUST BE: FREQUENT, INTENSE, AND LONG LASTING

  11. Social Learning Theory:Differential Association Major Premise: People learn to commit crime from exposure to antisocial definitions. STRENGTHS Explains onset of criminality. Explains the presence of crime in all elements of social structure. Explains why some people in high-crime areas refrain from criminality. Can apply to adults and juveniles.

  12. LABELING THEORY • FOCUSES ON THE PROCESS NOT THE BEHAVIOR • DEVIANTS ARE THOSE WHO HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY LABELED AS DEVIANT • LABELING DONE BY THOSE IN AUTHORITY • PRIMARY DEVIANCE • SECONDARY DEVIANCE

  13. Negative Label Social reaction Degradation Ceremonies Deviant act Self- labeling Secondary deviance Deviant subculture Deviance amplification Primary and Secondary Deviance THE LABELING PROCESS

  14. CONFLICT VIEW OF DEVIANCE • THE POWERFUL USE LAW TO PROTECT THEIR INTERESTS • LAW IS USED TO CONTROL LOWER CLASSES • AFFLUENT NOT PROSECUTED AS ARE POOR • THE POOR AND UNEDUCATED MORE LIKELY TO BE ARRESTED AND PROSECUTED

  15. Conflict Theory STRENGTHS Accounts for class differentials in the crime rate. Shows how class conflict influences behavior. MAJOR PREMISE Crime is a function of class conflict. The definition of the law is controlled by people who hold social and political power.

  16. CRIME • DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CRIME AND DEVIANCE • SOCIOLOGIST CLASSIFICATION OF CRIME • STREET CRIME: PROPERTY AND PERSONS • OCCUPATIONAL/WHITE COLLAR CRIME • CORPORATE CRIME • ORGANIZED CRIME • POLITICAL CRIME

  17. FELONY MISDEMEANOR More serious offenses Punishable by death or imprisonment for more than a year in a state prison. Less serious offenses Punishable by incar- ceration for less than a year in a local jail or house of correction. Classification of Crime

  18. Low self-control Impulsive personality Crime and deviance Criminal Opportunity Weakening of social bonds The General Theory of Crime

  19. PURPOSES OF PUNISHMENT • RETRIBUTION: VENGEANCE • SOCIAL PROTECTION: INCAPACITATE • REHABILITATION: REFORM • DETERRENCE: FEAR OF PUNISHMENT

  20. BENTHAM’S PANOPTICAN

  21. EASTERN STATE PENITENTIARY

  22. EASTERN STATE PENITENTIARY, PENN

  23. ALCATRAZ

  24. SAN QUENTIN

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