Download
1 / 44
440 likes | 460 Views
La Belle Dame sans Merci- John Keats
E N D
La Belle Dame Sans Merci – John Keats Presented by- Prof. R. R. Borse, Asst.Prof. & HOD, Eng.Dept., B.P.Arts,S.M.A.Sci.,K.K.C.Comm.College, Chalisgaon,Dist.Jalgaon Mail- ravindraborse1@gmail.com
Keats was the youngest of the Romantics. He was born in East London, where his father managed stables. He was mostly self-taught and trained to be an apothecary at the age of fourteen. When he started writing poetry, most critics dismissed him as an upstart due to his lack of formal education. Keats’ mother died of tuberculosis when he was fourteen. Keats nursed his brother through the same illness; he died in 1818. A short while after, Keats himself showed signs of the disease and, knowing he was going to die, went to live in Italy where, it was thought, the warmer weather would prolong his life. He wrote ‘La Belle…’ with the shadow of death hanging over him, in physical and emotional agony. Keats fell in love with Fanny Brawne and they were engaged to be married, however were kept apart because of his financial problems, then his illness. She remained loyal to him until his death. He died at the age of 25. He was only beginning to write his best poetry, so he asked that his gravestone bear the words, ‘Here lies one whose name was writ in water’ – he didn’t think he’d lived up to his potential, thought his life was too short to be memorable, and that his poetry was like ‘words written in water’.
‘La Belle Dame sans Merci.’ ‘The woman is beautiful, but merciless.’ Keats’s title, which he got from a 15th-century courtly love poem by Alain Chartier(La Belle Dame sans Mercy), provides a clue to the poem’s plot: in summary, the poem begins with the speaker asking a knight what’s wrong – this knight-at-arms is on his own, looking pale as he loiters on a hillside.
It’s at this point that the voice in the poem shifts from this first speaker – the one questioning the knight about what’s up with him – to the knight-at-arms himself. The knight then tells us his story: he met a beautiful lady in the meadows……
Stanza 1 • The poem begins with the poet’s question to the knight, “O what can ail thee“. • The phrase reflects that the knight is in ail or trouble and distress. The poet asks him why he is sad and wandering alone near the lake where no green grass is left and no bird is singing. • The season described in the poem is that of winter. In literature, winter symbolizes solitude, sorrow, and grief. • This also refers to the fact that the knight-at-arms is grieved.
Stanza 2 • In the second stanza, the poet repeats the same question. He asks the knight-at-arms why he is tired and miserable in appearance. • In this stanza, he refers to the winter season by telling that the squirrel is done with collecting its grains and even the harvest is also done. • These two symbols also refer to a time of loneliness, coldness, and grief.
Stanza 3 The poet tells the knight-at-arms that there is a lily on his brow i.e. his face is without colour and is pale like a lily. There are sweat and pain in his forehead that depicts that the knight-at-arms is sick. In the final line, the poet says that the colour of the knight-at-arms face is fading quickly like that of a withered rose. Till here the poet is talking and raising questions to the knight-at-arms. In the following stanza, the knight-at-arms tells his story and the reason behind his such condition.
Stanza 4 Now after listening to the questions raised by the poet, the knight-at-arms answers that he met a beautiful lady in the meadows. She had long hair, white feet and passionate eyes. She seemed to be a fairy’s child. Stanza 5 After meeting that lady, the knight-at-arms falls in love with her. As a token of love, he gifts her a garland(made up of intertwined flowers) for her head, bracelets and fragrant zonei.e. a belt made up of flowers for her waist. The lady also responds to his love by looking at him with affection and making sweet moans. Probably they do lovemaking and also had sex. In this perspective, the fragrant zone may refer to her female parts which the poet loved and kissed.
Stanza 6 Afterward, he takes her along with him on his horse (pacing steed) and the whole day they spend time with each other. The lady also sings songs for the knight-at-arms that seem to him as the fairy songs i.e. very melodious. Stanza 7 The lady than gifts him tasty and sweet food to eat including tasty roots, honey of wild bees and sweet gum of mana ash. Though he couldn’t understand her language, it seems to him that she said: “I love you truly” in her own language.
Stanza 8 The lady then takes him to her “Elfin grot” which means small and fairy cave. There she weeps loudly but the knight-at-arms do not reveal the reason for it. Perhaps it refers to the way of expressing her love. The knight-at-arms then kisses her “wild eyes” and shuts them so that she may sleep with him. Here again, her eyes are depicted as wild. Stanza 9 The lady lulls or in simple words sends him to sleep. The knight-at-arms in the dream sees one of the most terrifying dreams on the hillside. Ah! woe betide! is an exclamation that expresses knight-at-arms’ grief and fear.
Stanza 10 The knight-at-arms see kings, princes, warriors who have turned pale and have a dead-like appearance. All of them warn the knight-at-arms that “La Belle Dame Sans Merci” i.e. beware of that lady because she is without mercy. She is the same lady who has led them the dread fate. Stanza 11 Seeing their starved (and grieved) lips which were altogether warning him, the knight-at-arms he wakes up at once and finds him alone on the cold hill’s side. Stanza 12 In the final stanza, the knight-at-arms says that this is the reason why he is wandering all alone along the lake where there is no grass and at a time when there is no bird to sing, in a miserable condition, pale face.
