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The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle. Chapter 3, Section 1. Rocks. A rock is any solid mass of mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet. A few rocks are composed of only one mineral, but most are a mixture of many minerals Some rocks consist of organic material (non-mineral material)

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The Rock Cycle

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  1. The Rock Cycle Chapter 3, Section 1

  2. Rocks • A rock is any solid mass of mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet. • A few rocks are composed of only one mineral, but most are a mixture of many minerals • Some rocks consist of organic material (non-mineral material) • Some rocks have no crystalline structure • The three main types of rocks are igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks

  3. Rocks

  4. Concept Check • What are the three types of rocks? • Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic

  5. The Rock Cycle • Interactions among Earth’s water, air, and land can cause rocks to change from one type to another. The continuous processes that cause rocks to change make up the rock cycle

  6. The Rock Cycle

  7. Igneous Rocks • Magma – molten material that forms beneath Earth’s surface • When magma cools and hardens beneath the surface or as the result of a volcanic eruption, igneous rock forms • Lava – magma that reaches the surface

  8. Igneous Rocks

  9. Concept Check • What is the difference between lava and magma? • Magma is molten material that forms under the surface, and lava is magma that reaches the surface

  10. Sedimentary Rocks • Weathering – process in which rocks are physically and chemically broken down by water, air, and living things • Sediments – weathered pieces of earth materials • Eventually, sediments are compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rocks

  11. Sedimentary Rocks

  12. Metamorphic Rocks • When sedimentary rocks are buried deep enough, they are subjected to changes in pressure and temperature • Under extreme pressure and temperature conditions, sedimentary rock will change into metamorphic rock • If subjected to higher pressure and temperature changes, metamorphic rocks may reform into magma

  13. Metamorphic Rocks

  14. Alternate Paths • The blue arrows on the rock cycle chart show alternate ways that the rock cycle can take if it doesn’t follow the paths previously discussed • For example, an igneous rock that remains buried could be subjected to strong forces and become a metamorphic rock • Processes driven by heat from Earth’s interior are responsible for forming both igneous and metamorphic rocks • Weathering and the movement of weathered materials are external processes powered by the energy of the sun; external processes produce sedimentary rocks

  15. The Rock Cycle

  16. Concept Check • What type of processes produce sedimentary rocks? What drives those processes • External processes • The sun

  17. Assignment • Read Chapter 3, Section 1 (pg. 66-69) • Do 3.1 Assessment #1-8 (pg. 69)

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