Slide 1:Standard Precautions Bloodborne and Airborne Pathogens

Slide 2:Bloodborne Pathogens

Slide 3: A bloodborne pathogen is a disease-producing microbe that is transmitted through Blood Other body fluids

Slide 4:Body fluids are liquid or semi-liquid substances produced by the body such as Blood Urine, feces Vomitus, saliva Drainage from a wound Sweat, tears Semen, vaginal secretions Cerebrospinal and amniotic fluid Breast milk

Slide 5:Ways bloodborne pathogens are transmitted: Needle sticks (puncture wounds caused by dirty hypodermic needles) Cuts from contaminated, broken glass (such as that from a broken blood tube) Direct contact between infected blood and broken skin, mucous membranes, or the eyes Sexual intercourse Blood transfusions

Slide 6:Diseases

Slide 7:The following diseases are caused by bloodborne pathogens: Hepatitis B, C, and D Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Malaria Syphilis Ebola Hepatitis and AIDS pose the most occupational risk to a health care worker.

Slide 8:Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver, the organ that removes toxic substances from the bloodstream Caused by a viral infection, chemicals, drugs, or drinking alcohol Some infections are mild, producing no lasting effects on the liver Others are chronic and affect the liver�s ability to function over time. If the liver failure is severe, the person will die unless he or she receives a liver transplant.

Slide 9:Hepatitis A virus (HAV) Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Hepatitis D virus (HDV) Hepatitis E virus (HEV)

Slide 11:Illness caused is acute Complete recovery possible Effective vaccine available; recommended for the general public Handwashing important for preventing the spread of infection

Slide 12:HBV is transmitted through Transfusion of infected blood or blood products Across the placenta from mother to infant Unprotected sexual intercourse

Slide 13:Health care workers are at risk for contracting HBV through

Slide 14: Illness caused is acute Carriers are people who carry the virus but have no symptoms Effective vaccine available Recommended for general public Recommended by OSHA for health care workers

Slide 15: HCV is transmitted through Contaminated blood transfusions Needlestick exposures Mode of transmission is mainly bloodborne; but in more than 40% of people who are diagnosed with HCV, no obvious route of transmission is found. In many cases, leads to liver failure and liver transplant becomes necessary.

Slide 16:Illness caused by HCV infection is chronic and serious End-stage cirrhosis (a fatal liver disease) Liver failure Liver cancer Hepatitis C is the leading cause for liver transplantation in the United States. Currently, no vaccine against HCV is available.

Slide 17:HIV is a bloodborne pathogen that: Is transmitted through body fluid and blood Causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Affects the body�s immune system People with AIDS do not die from the virus itself. Instead, they die from infections that the body is no longer able to fight To date, there is no cure for AIDS and no vaccine for HIV

Slide 18:Protection

Slide 19:HIV and HBV pose an the greatest occupational risk to health care workers Health care workers come in contact with substances that carry these viruses Health care workers are not able to easily identify patients or residents who have these diseases The virus can live in a person�s body without causing signs or symptoms For these reasons, in the health care field, every patient or resident must be treated as if he or she may be infected with a bloodborne pathogen�thus, the term standard precautions Need a slide between this one and the next listing the standard precautions (see Box 8-1).

Slide 20:Gloves are worn if the POSSIBILITY exists that the hands could come in contact with blood or other body fluids. Gloves are also worn when touching any surface that could be contaminated with pathogens A waterproof gown is worn if the POSSIBILITY exists that your clothes could become soiled with blood or other body fluids A mask, face shield, and eye goggles are worn if the POSSIBILITY exists that blood or other body fluids could splash or spray Sharps, such as needles and razors, are disposed of properly in OSHA-approved containers Broken glass is never handled; it is swept or vacuumed up for disposal Spills of blood and other body fluids must be cleaned up promptly with an approved cleaning agent. Use 1 part bleach and 10 parts water to clean blood spills Personal protective equipment must be worn when cleaning up spills. Hands must be washed when you remove your gloves. Handwashing is the single most important method of preventing the spread of infection! Need a slide between this one and the next listing the standard precautions (see Box 8-1).

Slide 21:OSHA Standards

Slide 22:OSHA stands for Occupational Safety and Health Administration Employees must receive training on the risks associated with bloodborne pathogens and on the methods they can use to safeguard themselves Employers must make the hepatitis B vaccine available to workers who are at risk, free of charge Employers must provide adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) as required by the employee�s duties Environmental control methods, such as special ventilation systems, procedures for the disposal of liquid waste, and procedures for handling contaminated linen and trash must be in place to protect both the employees and the patients or residents An updated exposure control plan must be in place in case an employee is exposed to blood or other body fluids from a patient or resident

Slide 23:Airborne Pathogens

Slide 24:Airborne pathogens: disease-producing microbes that are transmitted through the air Infection spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and another person breathes the air containing the suspended pathogens Infections that are transmitted in this way include measles, chickenpox, and tuberculosis (TB) Vaccines are available to prevent measles and chickenpox Currently, no vaccine is available for TB, HIV, or HBV Pose an occupational risk to a health care worker

Slide 25:Infection caused by bacteria present in the sputum of an infected person; spread by airborne droplets when the person coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings People who have close, frequent contact with a person who has TB are most likely to contract the disease Infects the lungs, kidneys, or bones TB is usually diagnosed following a routine skin test (used to screen for the disease) or chest x-ray

Slide 26:Patients or residents known or suspected to be infected with an airborne pathogen are to be placed in private rooms with special ventilation systems Health care workers should wear masks when caring for patients or residents with known or suspected tuberculosis (TB) If the health care worker has not been exposed to measles or chickenpox (and is therefore not immune), then he or she is at risk for these diseases, and a mask should be worn when caring for patients or residents with measles or chickenpox

Slide 27:End of Presentation